Oorlog Rusland 21 juni 2015 - groeiende Verzameling Ukraine historische links

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The Scythians were a nomadic people whose culture flourished between the 7th and 3rd century BCE in a territory ranging from Thrace in the west, across the steppe of Central Asia, to the Altai Mountains of Mongolia in the east. This covers an area around 4000 kilometers (2500 mi) in length. The geography of the open plains steppe, desert steppe, and forest-steppe expanses over which they ranged was conducive to a pastoral rather than a settled way of life involving agricultural production. As a result, these Steppe nomads had few urban centers, and had a nomadic lifestyle; riding horses, tending herds, and living in covered wagons.
Kul-Oba was the first Scythian royal barrow to be excavated in modern times. Uncovered in 1830, the stone tomb yielded a wealth of precious artifacts, including this gold beaker. This ancient archaeological site was discovered near Kerch in eastern Crimea. 📢Read more about the Scythians on The World History Encyclopedia!
#scythian #scythianart #scythiangold #ancienthistory
✍Patrick Scott Smith
📷Scythian gold beaker from the Kul-Oba kurgan, Crimea. 4th century BCE. It shows bivouacked soldiers: one demonstrates how to string a bow; another removes his comrade's tooth, and another bandage a fellow's hurt leg (State Hermitage Museum, Moscow).




Birth of Rus' - 882
Russian history begins in 862: on this date Slovenians from Ilmen invited the varago Rjurik to Novgorod to rule. How was the Russian state born?
Rjurik died in 879, when his son Igor was still very young. Power in Novgorod passed into the hands of the other villager, Oleg. We don?t know exactly who he was: maybe a relative of Rjurik, maybe one of his warriors. In any case, he was Igor's guardian. Most of Novgorod's income was composed of revenue from businesses passing the "Varage Road to Greeks". This road started in the Baltic Sea and ended all the way to Constantinople, through Slavic lands. Oleg could only control one part of it, while the other was controlled by Kiev. Oleg decided to rectify this situation and in 882 he went to war.
Kiev at that time was ruled by two variages, Askold and Dir, who left Rjurik in search of fortune. Oleg hid his warriors on the ships and approached the walls of Kiev with little support, holding little Igor in his arms. He said: ?We are merchants, we go to the Greeks sent by Oleg and Igor, so come to us, we are from the same blood?. When Askold and Dir came out, Oleg said: "You are not princes, nor do you descend from princes, while I am from the prince's family." And pointing to Igor he added: "This is Rjurik's son." At this point, the hidden warriors jumped out of the ships and killed Askold and Dir. Oleg took Kiev and transferred his capital there.
Thus in 882, the two main Russian cities, Novgorod and Kiev, were united, and the state that was ever called Rus was formed. The Byzantines called it Ross?a, and the Latin matrix countries - Russia .
Picture: Ilja Glazunov, Prince Oleg with Igor. 1972
Olga Tarovik - History of the Russia
Font
Tale of times gone by, written in 1116 by the Rus? historian, Nestor di Pečerska.
https://www.facebook.com/janne.martins.96/posts/pfbid02aZQQXfU78514GaK88ZLVVXV1pj9CqNXRJaCXdQyaNmxHzNvgStfCX8w4nRgomDcwl

The Historiography of Normanist and
Anti-Normanist theories on the origin of Rus' 2      https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/26680/7245.pdf?sequence=2

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ukraine
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=676652641315528&set=a.265278959109860
Seeking the First Speakers of Indo-European Language. Science . Iosif Lazardis, 2022.8.25

Ancient DNA sheds new light on the origins of a lingua franca. by Jonathan Shaw

More than 5,000 years ago, Caucasus hunter-gatherers from the highlands between the Black and Caspian Seas traveled west to Anatolia and north to the steppe, splitting their Proto-Indo-European language into two branches.

From the steppe, their Yamnaya horse-herder descendants spread their language and genes into daughter languages and cultures across Eurasia. Border colors indicate the geographic origins of five source populations before their migrations (shown by correspondingly colored arrows), while the pie charts show the post-migration admixtures in these regions.

ANEW STUDY OF ANCIENT DNA from 727 individuals who lived in the regions cradling the southern half of the Black Sea, and extending into the Levant and western Iran, narrows the hunt for the origins of Indo-European languages-spoken today as a first language by almost half the world?s population.

The research also documents genetic homogenization and stability among the population of farmers living between about 15,000 and 7,000 years ago in what is now Turkey, sheds new light on how an early form of Indo-European language may have spread in ancient Greece, and reveals the surprising discovery that the ancestry of the population of Rome during the Imperial period was drawn principally from Anatolia.

These findings are the result of a 206-person collaboration led by staff scientist Iosif Lazaridis of the David Reich lab at Harvard, and by Songul Alpaslan-Roodenberg of the Reich lab and the Ron Pinhasi lab at the University of Vienna (Reich, a professor of genetics and of human evolutionary biology, and Pinhasi, an associate professor of evolutionary anthropology, are co-senior authors of the three related studies published today in Science.)

The group?s work more than doubles the amount of ancient DNA from this region, and extends Reich?s pioneering studies of early human origins forward into periods for which there start to be scattered historical records.

FIGURE REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM I. LAZARIDIS ET AL., SCIENCE 377:939(2022).

https://www.academia.edu/85922356/The_genetic_history_of_the_Southern_Arc_A_bridge_between_West_Asia_and_Europe

.https://the-big-ger-picture.blogspot.com/2022/08/what-gryphon-warrior-and-biblical-king.html

https://www.science.org/content/article/phenomenal-ancient-dna-data-set-provides-clues-origin-farming-early-languages

https://www.academia.edu/66117227/Understanding_History_Herders_Horticulturalists_and_Hunter_Gatherers



https://www.facebook.com/seagemsaustralia/


The Mythology of all races ...
by Gray, Louis H. (Louis Herbert), 1875-1955; Moore, George Foot, 1851-1931; MacCulloch, J. A. (John Arnott), 1868-1950

Publication date 1916
.
Vols. 2, 4-5, 7-8, 13 are edited by J.A. Macculloch and G.F. Moore, and have imprint: Boston, Archaeological Institute of America, Marshall Jones Company

Bibliography at end of each volume

I. Greek and Roman, by W.S. Fox. 1916.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallrar01gray/page/n13/mode/2up

II. Eddic, by J.A. Macculloch. 1930.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra21gray/page/n11/mode/2up

III. Celtic, by J.A. Macculloch; Slavic by Jan M?chal. 1918.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra31gray/page/n9/mode/2up

IV. Finno-Ugric, Siberian, by Uno Holmberg. 1927.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra41gray/page/n11/mode/2up

V. Semitic, by S.H. Langdon. 1931.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra51gray/page/n5/mode/2up

VI. Indian, by A.B. Keith; Iranian, by A.J. Carnvy. 1917.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra61gray/page/n9/mode/2up

VII. Armenian, by M.H. Ananikian; African, by Alice Werner. 1925.--
https://archive.org/details/themythologyofal07alexuoft/page/n9/mode/2up

VIII. Chinese, by J.C. Ferguson; Japanese, by Masaharu Anesaki. 1928.
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra08gray/page/n13/mode/2up

IX. Oceanic, by R.B. Dixon. 1916.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra91gray/page/n9/mode/2up

X. North American, by H.B. Alexander. 1916.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofall10gray/page/n13/mode/2up

XI. Latin-American, by H.B. Alexander. 1920.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofal11gray/page/n5/mode/2up

XII. Egyptian, by W.M. M?ller; Indo-Chinese, by J.G. Scott. 1918.--
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra121gray/page/n9/mode/2up

XIII. Complete index to volumes I-XII. 1932
https://archive.org/details/mythologyofallra131gray/page/n7/mode/2up



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfLGb1uOSHQ&list=PLarj2-qKoqrjd6KbrAEVBNJhV2PCkpzN5&index=11    24 parts


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmC1X-R4aEk
religion comes from sun worship and ancient astrology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmC1X-R4aEk&list=PLarj2-qKoqrjd6KbrAEVBNJhV2PCkpzN5&index=3

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https://www.facebook.com/yuriy.derevianko.3/posts/pfbid02H9ehASfcHvwr5ccbNhBwiSQX7hTN2bbrvMMhRn9H53wvwozmavCcscgsGwfV5iuEl?__cft__

• =AZWCxAPBff7ccegTUMQrLIX6wMKNngpZh9txdIGFUemZahCvOBkWXh3h5CZPhyYxXIrmiA6s6mxJZpxcjm0vc-ZyBGcFvJic9D6mTnADjSezNfvoYKybumfDDmQ9RUWRwkZ1fMCH4O4xR5R7qI_JHkJRbz0XrD3SOefIv02JVsRu60TdBVMg2sPv_UC5wTaNBRE&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R
  Howard Buffett♥️, the son of billionaire Warren Buffett in 2022, gave Ukraine 150 million dollars from his personal money.
  In 2023 - bought total for Ukraine in the amount of 360 million. At his own expense, built kitchen factories in buča and lozova, police departments in borodyanets and izumi, canine center in buča.
  Buffet brings to Ukraine harvesters, tractors and seeds - and free passes to farmers. Buys and Brings to Ukraine mining machines: in some areas mining is the main type of agricultural work...
  Buffett supports the Ukrainian police, brought dozens of machines for DNA detection, bought in the Netherlands and brought to Ukraine service dogs of the highest level of training. Buffett helps to look for war criminals, created a separate organization in Ukraine.
  Sponsored the creation and work of "Superhumans Center" - opened under the Lviv center of prosthesis. Bought and brought 2400 high capacity generators...
  In September 2023 Buffet together with Ukrzaliznytsia created the world's first train-kitchen that can work 5-7 days in autonomous mode during blackouts and produce 70 thousand. food portion for the week.
  How much money does Howard Buffett have? It's hard to say that he spends them all the time, half a billion has already spent on Ukraine. He fell in love with Ukraine, he came ten times during the war, it feels like he spends more time in Ukraine than at home, in the United States...
  He is the middle child of billionaire investor Warren Buffett. Named after Howard Buffett, his grandfather, and Benjamin Graham, Warren Buffett's beloved professor.
  Being the CEO and Chairman of the Howard G Foundation. Buffett (HGBF), Buffett has visited more than 130 countries to document the issues of preserving biodiversity and providing enough resources to meet people's needs.
  HGBF was one of five philanthropic groups to receive $2.9 billion of Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares in July 2020 from Warren Buffett.
  P.S. According to Forbes magazine, as of April 2023 Warren Buffett was ranked 5th in the world's richest billionaires with personal assets of 106 billion. $.
  In addition, Warren Buffett plans to donate most of his assets to charity.
  @S. Lazarev.
  
  https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02N94HbWiNUM27E452csZ3pTQCRVLzAMkyvQyfzzTnGmEiX5XPZutZg3rr4sECw2n1l&id=100005360203895
  "How did it happen that the people of "kripak?v" occupied the largest and najd?č??u territory in Europe? ".
  It's only now that we, like a giraffe, began to understand who we are.
  No, the hints and hints were demonstratively laid out everywhere, but we are so modest, so tolerant, so accommodating, so min?ovart?s? and victimized that we are blind.
  And did we ask ourselves: "How did it happen that the people of "Kripak" occupied the largest and most fertile territory in Europe?" ? Ukraine is approximately the size of Britain, Romania and Poland together.
  In what way " rural " language, " maloros?js ???ko? nar?č??, which does not exist " has a total of up to a million words
  The first Ukrainian words (honey and dish) were recorded by Priskom Pan?js Перkim in the camp of the gun lord Attila on the territory of modern Ukraine in 448 n. e.
  How in "small culture" fit 200,000 folk songs, large national cuisine, ornaments, ritual, architecture, colossal painting, the first in Eastern Europe academies and book printing, ancient lithopisi and cobzartvo, humor, theater of Korifei and "Berezil", music of vedel and berezovs зіkogo, pan and vernadsky? Such a "small" culture would be enough for ten nations.
  How did it happen that the ancestors of the "young state, which is only 30 years old", took the capital of Byzantine Constantinople back in 907, destroyed Khozar Kaganat in 968, burned the Ottoman Navy in 1615, burned the suburbs of Moscow 1618?
  And this is just the tip of the top of the iceberg.
  I am personally NOT surprised by the fantastic power of Ukrainians demonstrated in the last year. Ukrainians have always been like this. History and memory of generations scream to us. It's just that this memory is coming back to us too slowly.
  We're like a nasty duck that turned out to be a swan and flew from the chicken men?ovartost?.
  And we need to urgently learn to LOVE and RESPECT ourselves, as normal uncomplexovan? peoples do. Because we are not chickens, but swans, and parents our swans, and great-grandparents were free and beautiful!
  They flew high and didn't live in chicken coops.
  You need to know this and be proud of it!
  In any incomprehensible situation, be proud of Ukraine!
  This makes sense.
  I have been checking.
  Author of the text: Alexander Vysotsky
  
  
  

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https://www.facebook.com/groups/445871070583511/?multi_permalinks=891428579361089&hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen&__cft__

• =AZVynaZ08qnzdUBG7-KLSjQT4pWGYlonhpLY-9iJa-6gzhPyzMa1J4vmOx5IduZvB3839LF3exAM7fd9QvStMFEw1xM4lhbKBXnbDHg0P2FjDRMnS5MLn8xdLHbT4is6I6QJ8-muaRm-Mne3zIb7_4WxYTrNauNktb_HViKscdev0QUBdjK4ePutnbKbJcRt_fx00nfuoGPlROIhHRokS8d1&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R
  "The BBC released a program about Russian expansion throughout history. And why the history of Russia there starts from the 1340s, from the Principality of Moscow as a Vassala of the Golden Horde.
  This is certainly a monumental upheaval in Western perception. Before this they always started with Kiev Russia. Not anymore.
  We live in unique times when we take away the image and brand of medieval Kyiv When we - suddenly, but very obviously - proved the truthfulness of our vision of the development of Eastern Europe. What we are the same Kiev Russia, alive and very outraged.
  In my opinion, this is our main asset. We reopened Ukraine for Europe that failed to do literally eight hundred years. Not only did we prove our own subjectivity, but we stretched it back a thousand years. Proved that we are the European people not just here and now, and not since 1991, but what have been always.
  And I told you that we're cool for generations of ancestors".
  Victor Tregubov.
  
  
  https://twitter.com/DevanaUkraine/status/1744651124437569844
  Prophecy about the war in Ukraine from a Christian priest in 1991
  
  
  In 1991, the priest Budzinskyi, who was persecuted by the Russian authorities, wrote a prophecy in which he predicted all the events that happened in Ukraine. In particular, there was also about the war. The main points from this prophecy:
  
  - ... The second Ukrainian Koliivshchyna will come. People's anger will be so terrible that third Soviets and communists will be caught in the streets and killed without trial or investigation. And no one will be able to stop this revenge of our people, because the crimes committed by the third Soviets and communists against Ukraine and the people will be as terrible as Stalin's. Both gangs, the Third Soviets and the Communists, will be banned and disbanded, and a new Nuremberg will be organized and conducted against them. An international trial similar to the Nuremberg Tribunal. All their property and money looted in Ukraine and Ukrainians will be confiscated, and those third Soviets and communists who remain alive will be punished by prison. Only then will a truly independent Ukraine be born!
  
  - This will happen between the anniversary of independence (August 24) and the anniversary of the birth of Taras Shevchenko (March 9). It is not for nothing that he is called a Prophet in our people. These two dates have a great sacred meaning for us. Shevchenko, on the other hand, used the events of the past to describe our future. Only this must be understood, just like the Bible.
  
  - From today (1991), in 35 years, Ukraine will become one of the strongest countries in the world. Such as the USA is now. And God's punishment will fall on the Muscovite region for all the abuse it has done to Ukraine and other peoples for 350 years. Disintegration and complete decline await Muscovite. It began with Volodymyr and will end with Volodymyr. Such is the will of God.
  
  The full prophecy can be read here:
  
  https://provse.te.ua/2014/01/prorotstvo-hreko-katolytskoho-svyaschennyka-hermana-budzinskoho-pro-majdan-i-yanukovycha/
  
  

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A noble Pazyryk resident was diagnosed with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
and osteoporosis of the fourth degree.

Paleopathologists and anthropologists examined the remains of an adult man, which were found in 1990 in the Ak-Alakha-1 burial ground in Pazyrykculture. Scientists reconstructed the appearance of this individual and found out that he belonged to the Caucasian anthropological type. They also found healed fractures on his bones and numerous pathologies that allowed him to be diagnosed with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and grade 4 osteoporosis. This was reported in an article published in the journal Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia.

For more than a century and a half, researchers have been studying the monuments of the Pazyryk archaeological culture, known in the Altai Mountains and adjacent regions. It existed approximately in the 6th-3rd centuries BC and belonged to the so-called Scythian-Siberian world. Archaeologists know about these people mainly through excavations of ancient burial grounds, including ?royal? mounds. Due to the fact that some burial grounds were located in areas with permafrost, rare ancient products made from organic matter were preserved in these monuments. Among them, for example, is the famous felt carpet and chariot from the fifth Pazyryk mound, excavated back in 1949. In addition, sometimes even mummified bodies of the deceased are preserved in graves. The most famous example is the mummy of the so-called Princess of Ukok (read more about her in the material ?Well Preserved?).

Researchers have known for a long time that there may be permafrost in the burial mounds of noble Pazyryk residents. But usually they dug up objects that had already been visited by robbers. The situation changed in 1990, when archaeologists worked in the Ak-Alakha-1 burial ground, which is located on the Ukok plateau. In the first mound of this complex, they discovered two undisturbed burials, one of which contained the remains of an adult man 45-50 years old, and the other - a young man who died at 16-17 years old. The peculiarities of the funeral rite allowed us to conclude that these people belonged to the nobility. Moreover, both men, apparently, were relatives on the maternal and paternal lines, as indicated by an analysis of ancient DNA carried out several years ago.

Elena Aristova, together with colleagues from the Novosibirsk State Medical University and the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS, conducted a new study of the remains of an adult man from the first mound of the Ak-Alakha-1 burial ground. Analysis of the morphological features of the skull showed that the man belonged to the Caucasian anthropological type. In his physical appearance, he turned out to be similar to the men who lived in the Volga-Ural region and in the west of modern Kazakhstan in the 6th-3rd centuries BC. Based on the collected data on the man's skull morphology, age, and pathologies, anthropologists reconstructed his appearance.

Paleopathologists discovered numerous pathologies and previous injuries on the man?s bones. Thus, he had an incorrectly healed fracture of the left clavicle and a healed fracture of the left scapula, in which there was also a hole measuring 40x7 millimeters. Having also analyzed the damage to the ribs, the researchers concluded that the man was hit on the back with a hammer, after which he could have fallen on his left shoulder and broken his collarbone. In addition, traces of traumatic injuries are also present on the right side of his shoulder girdle. Scientists noted that together these injuries interfered with the normal functioning of the shoulder joints and acted as a source of pain.

But fractures turned out to be not the main problem of this man. His condition was aggravated by stage 4 osteoporosis (extreme bone loss), which affected the lumbar spine. In addition, the man suffered from a systemic connective tissue disease - diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Scientists noted that the exact causes of this disease are unknown. But it is accompanied by old age and disorders of metabolic and endocrine processes. According to the authors of the new work, it is possible that such serious health problems are due to the fact that he was not genetically adapted to the conditions of the Altai Mountains and may have been born outside of it - this is indirectly evidenced by his anthropological type.

Anthropological reconstruction of the appearance of a man from the Ak-Alakha-1 burial ground
Elena Aristova et al. / Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia, 2023
Source: https://nplus1.ru


https://twitter.com/DevanaUkraine/status/1745770295846138034

A mini-lesson of the Ukrainian language

Край - Kray/Krai - Territory, Land
Країна - Kraina - Country
Україна - Ukrayina - Ukraine

P.S. In the Ukrainian language, the word Край has another meaning - the end of something.

Russian propaganda lies that the word Ukraine comes from the Russian word "окраина" (okraina), which means a suburb, explaining it by the fact that Ukraine is a suburb of Russia. But this lie is destroyed by simple facts that are very easy to verify:

- The word "окраїна" was never in the Ukrainian language, and the russian language appeared after there was a country called Ukraine.
- The lands of modern Ukraine in Kiyvan Rus' were officially called Україна (Ukraine). This is even mentioned in ancient chronicles. And at that time there were not even settlements on the territory of Russia.
- Ukraine has always been the center of Kyivan Rus, this Russia can be called a suburb that destroys any logic of Russian propaganda.
- In one of the books, I read that the word Ukraine is translated only from Sanskrit, and it is not found in other languages. But I haven't checked this information yet.


nope, came from river Ros near Kyiv, that's why arabs called Black Sea RUSS sea, and people RUSS, so Ukrainians are the only RUSSian people, ruzzians arre https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androphagi  butchers (katsap) and cannibals like Herodotus 400 BCE said
https://archive.org/details/scythiansgreekss00minn/page/32/mode/1up?q=Androphagi

see also The Historiography of Normanist and
Anti-Normanist theories on the origin of Rus      https://duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/26680/7245.pdf?sequence=2

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Some (not all) Mongols in the internet:
"Huns are Mongols, we are the real Huns..."
Some (not all) Magyars (Hungarians) in the internet:
"We are the grandchildren of Atilla,
Huns are Magyar (Hungarian)..."
Some (not all) Bulgars in the internet:
"Atilla was from the Bulgarian Dulo -Dynasty, the Dulo Dynasty was the Founder of the Hun Empire...."
Some (not all) Turks in the internet:
"Teoman (Tou-Man) and Mete Han (Modun Shanyu) were Turks, Huns spoke a Turkic language, we are the true Huns...."
And somehow, all of these statements are right, all are Huns, all Magyars (Hungarians), all Bulgars and all Turkic and Mongolian tribes of course, and even some more like Manchu- Tungus and West Siberians like Khantys for example...
All are the descendants of the ancient Huns (Hunnu/XiongNu)...
It is time to acknowledge all the Hun descendants as Brothers!
Don't let "Tribalism'' or false ideologies divide the Hun Blood and Spirit...
We are all Huns...! And still here...

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Enorm DNA-onderzoek: Oekra?ense herders zijn stamvaders van Europa -DNA herschrijft geschiedenis: We komen oorspronkelijk niet uit Nederland -
Huge DNA study: Ukrainian shepherds are
progenitors of Europe
https://historianet.nl/wetenschap/enorm-dna-onderzoek-oekraiense-herders-zijn-stamvaders-van-europa

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06862-3
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

https://archive.org/details/horsewheelandlanguage The Horse, the Wheel, and Language : David W. Anthony | That's why europeans came from Ukraine-RUS https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ade2451 First bioanthropological evidence for Yamnaya horsemanship https://archive.org/details/anthony-david-w-the-horse-the-wheel-and-language-2007 847 pages

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-europeans-immigrants-genetic-testing-feature. who came before Yamana





https://vk.com/wall-176520650_5607
A selection of sources on the history of the Mongol Empire:


links to .rar total 2 GB in russian

Nomadic peoples of East Asia until the 13th century:
1. Materials on the history of the ancient nomadic peoples of the Donghu group
2. Materials on the history of the Xiongnu (based on Chinese sources). 2 issues
3. Materials on the history of nomadic peoples in China III-V centuries.
Issue 1. Xiongnu
Issue 2. Jie
Issue 3. Murong
Issue 4. Di and Qiang
4. Collection of information about the peoples who lived in Central Asia in ancient times. 2 volumes.
5. Chinese news about the peoples of Southern Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East.
6. Materials on the economic history of China in the early Middle Ages
7. History of the Iron Empire
8. History of the Golden Empire
9. Ye Lun-li. History of the Khitan state (Qidan guo zhi)
10. Korean source about the Khitan invasions at the end of the 10th - beginning of the 11th century.
11. The Great Steppe in ancient and Byzantine sources
12. Tatars, Mongols and Mongol-Tatars IX-XII centuries. according to Chinese sources

Mongolian sources:
13. Mongolian chronicle 1240
14. Yellow story (Shara Tuji)
15. Lubsan Danzan. Altan Tobchi
16. The Golden Horde in the sources. Volume III Chinese and Mongolian sources
17. History in the works of learned lamas

Chinese, Tibetan, Japanese sources:
18. ?Hei da shi lyue? source on the history of the Mongols of the 13th century.
19. ?Annals of Kublai Khan,? the main source on the history of the reign of the first emperor of the Yuan dynasty (Juan 4-17 ?Yuan shi?)
20. Chinese source about the first Mongol khans
21. Meng-da bei-lu. Full description of the Mongol-Tatars
22. Travel notes of the Chinese Zhang De Hui during his trip to Mongolia in the first half of the 13th century
20. The Golden Horde in the sources. Volume III Chinese and Mongolian sources
21. Pagsam-jeongsan. History and chronology of Tibet
23. Rai Jo. History of the Shogunate in Japan. Nihon gaishi. Volume 2

Arabic, Persian and Syrian sources:
24. Ata-Melik Juvaini. Genghis Khan. History of the Conqueror of the World
25. The Golden Horde in the sources. Vol.1 Arabic and Persian works
26. Ibn al-Athir. Complete history
27. History of Kazakhstan in Arabic sources. T. III. Extracts from the works of the XII-XVI centuries
28. History of Kazakhstan in Persian sources. T. I. Jamal al-Karshi. Al-Mulhakat bi-s-surakh
30. Rashid ad-Din. Correspondence
31. Rashid ad-Din. Shuab-i panjgana (Five genealogies)
32. Rashid ad-Din - Jami at-tawarikh. Collection of chronicles. 3 volumes
33. Collection of materials from the Golden Horde. Volume 1.
34. Collection of materials related to the history of the Golden Horde. Volume 2
35. Syrian medieval historiography
36. Hafiz Abru (Shihab ad-Din Abdallah ibn Lutfallah al-Hawafi). Zail-i Jami at-tawarikh-i Rashidi

Central Asian sources:
37. Bukhara waqf of the 13th century.
36. Materials on the history of the Turkmens and Turkmenistan
37. Genealogy of the Turkmens. Essay by Abu-l-Ghazi Khan of Khiva
38. Utemish-haji. Kara tawarich.
39. Utemish-haji. Chingiz-name
40. Shihab ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad an-Nasawi. Sirat al-Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mankburn

Byzantine, Armenian and Georgian sources:
41. George Acropolis. History
42. Nikifor Grigora. History of the Romans. 2 volumes
43. George Pachymer the story of Michael and Andronikos Palaiologos. T. 1. The reign of Michael Palaeologus, 1255-1282
44. Anonymous Georgian ?Chronograph? XIV
45. Armenian sources about the Mongols. Extracts from manuscripts of the XII-XIV centuries
46. History of the Mongols monk Magakia, XIII century
47. History of the Mongols according to Armenian sources
48. Kirakos Gandzaketsi. History of Armenia

Russian sources:
49. Galicia-Volyn Chronicle
50. Laurentian Chronicle.
51. Novgorod IV Chronicle
52. Novgorod First Chronicle of the older and younger editions
53. Monuments of literature of Ancient Russia. XIII in
54. Monuments of literature of Ancient Russia. XIV - mid-XV centuries
55. Rogozhsky chronicler. Tver collection
56. Sophia I Chronicle
57. Military stories of Ancient Russia
58. Monuments of the Kulikovo cycle
59. Collection of khan's labels to Russian metropolitans

European sources:
59. English medieval sources, IX-XIII
60. ?Great Chronicle? about Poland, Russia and their neighbors XI-XIII centuries
61. In the lands of Northern Tartary. Information from Latin sources about the Golden Horde during the reign of Uzbek Khan (1313-1341)
62. News of Hungarian missionaries of the XIII-XIV centuries. about the Tatars and Eastern Europe
64. Latin-language sources on the history of Ancient Russia in the 9th-13th centuries
65. Master Rogerius. A sad song about the destruction of the Hungarian kingdom by the Tatars.
66. Matvey Mekhovsky. Treatise on the Two Sarmatians
67 From ?David, King of the Indies? to ?the hated plebs of Satan.? Anthology of early Latin information about the Tatar-Mongols
67. Karppini. History of the Mongols
68. Travels to the eastern countries of Karpini and Rubryka
69. Thomas of Split. History of the Archbishops of Salona and Split
70. Christendom and the Great Mongol Empire. Materials of the Franciscan mission of 1245

Other sources:
71. Abu Bakr al-Kutbi al-Akhari. Tarikh-i Sheikh Wuwei
72. Anthology of traditional Vietnamese thought. X - beginning of XIII centuries.
73. Iryong. Remaining information [about] three states (Samguk yusa)
74. History of the Golden Horde. Collection of materials
75. History of Tataria in materials and documents
76. Cumans-Kuns in the Volga-Ural interfluve (according to Chinese sources)
77. Poetry of the Golden Horde
78. Khorezmi. Muhabbat-name



https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-asia/sumerian-civilization-0011932

[webmaster]

https://youtu.be/B6b7WQy1Y3Q
Theft of millennia: how Moscovia rebranded itself as 'Russia'

The Mongol States during the Travels of Ibn Battuta 1325-1354.
(Source: orias.berkeley.edu)
Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battutah (/ˌɪbən b?tˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 ? 1368/1369), commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar. Over a period of thirty years from 1325 to 1354, Ibn Battuta visited most of North Africa, the Middle East, East Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, the Iberian Peninsula, and West Africa. Near the end of his life, he dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, but commonly known as The Rihla.
Ibn Battuta travelled more than any other explorer in pre-modern history, totalling around 117,000 km (73,000 mi), surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and Marco Polo with 24,000 km (15,000 mi). There have been doubts over the historicity of some of Ibn Battuta's travels, particularly as they reach farther East.

In honor of the anniversary of our community, we made a 3D reconstruction of a Saka/Usun warrior of the 3rd century BC. from the Karatum burial ground. Kurgan 34, skeleton 1

Male aged 35-45 years with a very strong development of the brow, with a strongly protruding wavy nose, with a high bridge of the nose,horizontal tip and base of the nose, with a straight, vertical and prominent chin.
Judging by the measurements taken on the skull, the nose protrudes strongly from the plane of the face.
The man belongs to the Caucasian race and combines the characteristics of the Nordic and Cromanoid types, which is generally characteristic of the ancestors of the Scythian-Sarmatians - the Andronovo people.https://vk.com/wall-176775940_20221


Often in historical sources there is a mention of the ?white-eyed miracle? - this is how these people were called in the Urals, Altai and many other regions of Russia. A significant number of legends about the white-eyed miracle have been preserved among the Komi.

Other names are often used: chudins, miracles, old people, divyi people, chuchkas and chuchevars. Most of these names are known from the legends of the Urals, based on which it can be assumed that it was in these places that there was a kind of center of settlement of the Chuds in ancient times.

The oldest Russian chronicles call the Chud ?Zavolochskaya? (?beyond the portage??) and place it somewhere in the basin of the Northern Dvina and Onega. There are mentions of the Zavolochskaya miracle in Nestor?s ?Tale of Bygone Years? (11th century):

... in the Afetov part there are Rus, Chud and all the pagans: Merya, Muroma, Ves, Mordva, Zavolochskaya Chud, Perm, Pechera, Yam, Ugra .
https://vk.com/wall-43747253_130506

[webmaster]

Ethnic groups in Central Asia
Including the Oghuz Turks, are the origin of theTurkmen . Some of them migrated to Persia, where they founded the Seljuk Empire in 1037, and to the Anatolian Plateau, where they founded the Ottoman Empire in 1299
Credit to AbAbou Yousif Al Akowa

[webmaster]

https://vk.com/wall-120627626_46669
Before Peter I founded St. Petersburg, it is believed that there was no life on the site of these swamps. However, in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra a tombstone has been preserved with the date of burial marked as 7180 from the Creation of the World (not according to the SMZH calendar). If we translate this into the familiar onechronology, it will be 1671, which is 32 years earlier than the founding of St. Petersburg. It is difficult to say what kind of life there was, but it is unlikely that a master who was engaged in stone carving would have appeared in the swamps out of nowhere. It is also unlikely that a working pier could have been built in a completely deserted area

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Saint_Petersburg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Saint_Petersburg


https://vk.com/wall-120627626_47858
Caspian Sea

This map , dated 1578, shows that before 1700 the Caspian Sea was depicted on maps with a completely different shape. The Aral Sea is not shown on the map, but the Caspian Sea is presented in an oval shape. It is noticeable that in the area of modern deserts there wasmany rivers and cities, the existence of which we currently do not know. From this we can conclude that the territories of the Karakum and Kyzylkum deserts were once densely populated areas. There were mountains, cities, rivers and lakes here. At the same time, the rivers flowed in a direction different from the current one
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Cornelis_De_Jode._Primae_Partis_Asiae_accurata_delineatio._(Unrecorded_Variant,_1578).jpg

[webmaster]

we zijn ALLEMAAL Oekrainiers  sinds 5000 jaar geleden, is dus ook ONZE oorlog   en een van die Yamnaya ben ik, ZIJ brachten Europa het blanke ras, blauwe ogen, en mogelijk ook rood/blond haar en melktolerantie https://www.reddit.com/r/meerderheidnederland/comments/1977e1z/enorm_dnaonderzoek_oekra%C3%AFense_herders_zijn/
https://twitter.com/H_Bouwmeester/status/1748468718416363971

🔸Until about 20 years ago, it was thought that 'civilisation' made its appearance with Sumerians, about 7000 years ago. But few years ago, on border between Syria and Turkey, G?bekli Tepe and neighbouring settlements were discovered. Everything has changed since then.
Oldest remains of G?bekli Tepe date back at least 12,000 years. Some monoliths found in ruins depict human beings dressed only in loincloths. But 12,000 years ago, humanity was in middle of Younger Dryas (small ice age). So, it is impossible for people of that time to have been walking around in just a loincloth. To be able to walk around dressed like that, temperature had to be mild. But last "mild" period before Younger Dryas ended around 110,000 BC, when Last Ice Age began. So at least some parts of G?bekli Tepe may date back to that ancient period.
At G?bekli Tepe ideograms were engraved, i.e., engravings that do not represent animals or things, but abstract concepts. These could be first example of human writing, at least 5,000 years earlier than that of Sumerians. Buildings at G?bekli Tepe are not made of wood, or straw, but are composed of limestone. Some pillars weigh as much as 20 tonnes. Inhabitants of G?bekli Tepe were able to build houses and villages out of stone thousands of years before Sumerians.
On a stone slab called 'Stele of the Cranes', people of G?bekli Tepe tell of an encounter between themselves and 'beings from outside', from sky, at same time that a comet streaked across the sky. Moreover, engraved tale alludes to a period of time when a comet bombardment wrought immense destruction across Earth
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0yWMqYuxGRMxTBWedBaCkJJUxUKz9hX6gWXcokjRT7XDfGvra6hTkiUXR4mCDAJSal&id=100083816211813&__cft__

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[webmaster]

Ancient Russian jewelry. Lunnitsa.

This talisman in the form of pendants and earrings was widespread in pagan Rus' as a feminine adornment. It was worn everywhere - around the neck, on clothes, pinned to hats and personal items. FirstLunar pendants date back to the Bronze Age, but the largest number of historical finds come from the time before and after the baptism of Rus'.

The most memorable are the grained silver items of later eras, decorated with inserts of rubies and other precious stones. The presence of celestial symbols, rain lines and even different positions of the luminary on the amulets suggests that they really contain a deep, multifaceted meaning regarding the influence of nature on human life.

The general meaning of the talisman comes down to helping a woman, since the moon was considered the patroness of the fair sex. It was believed that lunnitsa preserves youth and health, facilitates pregnancy and childbirth, and even helps the hostess maintain peace and tranquility in the house. As we have already mentioned, the month in which the talisman was created is located horizontally and can be directed downward or upward.

If the moon is directed upward with its horns, then it, like the grail, will contribute to the accumulation of strength, energy and wealth. The misconception is that this characteristic is considered an exclusively male property, because in every person there is a manifestation of two principles.

If the horns look down, then this symbol, like the waning moon, was intended to rid the owner of everything unnecessary in her life, or personified the giving beginning.
https://vk.com/wall-43747253_131138

[webmaster]

The Medes or Medians were a group of Indo-Iranian-speaking people from central Asia who migrated westwards and entered northern Iran around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. They settled in the highlands of Zagros (Zagreus in Greek) and, by the end of the 7th century BCE, founded the kingdom of Media (Mada in Old Persian).
Since no written records of the Late Bronze Age migrating groups from Central Asia have been found, it is unclear by what name(s) they used to call themselves. Median (or Medes) was the Greek adaptation of Mada and it referred to the people from the Achaemenid Empire centuries later. The Medians, however, were originally a group of North Zagros tribes or clans, most likely related to each other through language and culture rather than any political rulership. The Median clans were in constant conflict with each other before their unification in the 8th century BCE, mainly to fight back the invasions of the Assyrians from the east and of the Urartians and Scythians from the north.
Median history is studied through two main groups of ancient sources that are not always consistent: Mesopotamian records (particularly Assyrian inscriptions) and historical writings (mainly Herodotus' Histories, 1.95-106). Although both groups might be assessed as external observations, the former is contemporary, while the latter comes from much later. Both, however, agree that the Medians were highly acclaimed horsemen and ruthless warriors, who not only secured their independence from the Neo-Assyrian Empire and other great powers of the region but went further and expanded their borders into the heartland of Mesopotamia, eastern Anatolia, and western Iran.
The Median Empire became a superpower in 612 BCE, following its contribution to the downfall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In 549 BCE, when the last king of the Medians, Ishtuvaigu (Astyages in Greek, r. 585 to c. 550 BCE), was defeated by the Persian king of Anshan, Cyrus II (the Great, r. c. 550-530 BCE), the Medians were already renowned as members of a formidable military force, and most ancient writers continued to refer to the Persians as "the Medes" for centuries after their full absorption into the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BCE). 📣Read more about the Medes here: https://www.worldhistory.org/Medes/

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Zelensky Publishes Decree on 'Historically' Ukrainian Regions, Russia Furious .They were: Belgorod, Bryansk, Krasnodar, Kursk, Rostov and Voronezh.
  https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27054
  see also

https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/search?q=kuban&restrict_sr=on&include_over_18=on&sort=relevance&t=all

Empress Catherine II gave the Black Sea Cossack Host the rights to Kuban lands. Her decree of 30.6. and 1.7.1792 handed these lands over to the Black Sea Cossacks "for eternity". The Cossacks founded the administrative centre of Yekaterinodar (literally "Catherine's gift") in 1794 (now Krasnodar,RF)

https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/comments/4jw26w/empress_catherine_ii_gave_the_black_sea_cossack/

https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/comments/eiw9rb/kuban_cossacksby_the_centenary_of_the_execution/

Kuban cossacks.By the centenary of the execution of the Kuban People's Republic, the film by director Valentina Sperchach "Kuban Cossacks. And already two hundred years ago ..." Ukraine-World Studio, 1992. The film tells about the history of the resettlement of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irC_EVmXz6w
https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/comments/90o3yh/8386_of_the_black_sea_cossacks_in_kuban_region/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Kuban

[webmaster]

Stalin did not invent the method of destruction of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in 1946 due to forced accession to Russian Orthodoxy, but borrowed it from Imperial Russia. That's how one of the oldest eparchies of the UGCC - Holms йku was eliminated.
Today we remember this event by commemorating the memory of the martyrs of Pratulinskih.
A meaningful article about the elimination of the ugcc on the holm ттin? and pratulins стаkih martyrs was written by Anatoly Babinsky in the magazine "Patriarchy" 2 (441)2014, cuttings from which I submit here.
The Holm Diocese, which now you will not find in the list of structures of the UGCC, was founded during the time of Daniel Galitsky. The first bishop was in ugrovsk, and in 1240 danilo moved him to the hill, where he was buried in 1264th.
The Holm Diocese was one of those who supported the restoration of the unity of Kyiv Metropolis with Rome in 1596, and existed in this unity with a short break (1650-1652 R. ) until 1875, when she was forcibly eliminated. The size of the diocese and the number of Greek-Catholic parishes varied depending on changes in the borders of states. In 1772 the Holm Diocese counted 542 parishes, and after the annexation of these lands (they became part of the sub-Russian Polish Kingdom) to the Russian Empire in 1815 they remained 293.
In 1830, the Russian emperor Nicholas and despite the protests broke the ties of Holm Greek-Catholics with the metropolitan siege in Lviv and achieved their direct subordination to Rome. Life under the new power marked the diocese with a sharp loss of the number of faithful, and very many Greek-Catholics converted to the Roman Catholic Church - either to escape from a violent transition to the Orthodox Church, or from other considerations. These transitions took place in parallel with the latinization of the Greek Catholic diocese. Implemented the Polish language in business, installed organs, took iconostasis, etc. However, the greatest threat to the existence of the Holm Diocese was the desire of the Russian authorities to eliminate the Union Church on the subordinated lands by subordinating its Russian Orthodox Church.
"The reunion"
In 1839 in polotsk called a "cathedral" which was not approved by the church authority, however proclaimed a "reunion" of the Greek-Catholics of Lithuania, Belarus, Volyn, Polissia, Podillya and Kyiv region with the Russian Church.
In 1864, the royal government eliminated the Vasilyans таku province and all the monasteries in the Holm region. The last episcopal-nominee Holms отриматиkomu Ivanov-Nikolai Kalins ньомуkomu was constantly prevented from receiving ordination either from the hands of the Galician Metropolitan, or even from Roman Catholic bishops. Shortly Kalinsky, who never agreed to convert to the Orthodox Church, was arrested and sent to Siberia, where he died on October 19, 1866. After him, the diocese was headed loyal to power (and for its assistance) by Joseph Voynitsky. It was because of his "reunion" policy that the first military suppression of the protests of Greek-Catholics who opposed joining the Russian Church took place.
Martyrs
In 1872 in St. Petersburg formed a committee of "reunion". This Committee began to push even more, which couldn't help but provoke resistance.
The most terrible massacre with protesters took place in the villages of drel Найov (January 17, 1874 ) and Pratulin (January 26, 1874 ). Villagers in Drelov refused to let in a priest who was supposed to serve on Orthodox liturgical samples. For this, the whole village, even the elderly and children, was beaten naked. Men received 500 hits each, women 200 and children 100. As a result of this fight killed or not ten people (some say five).
In Pratulin, where Greek-Catholics had the Holy Trinity Church, the massacre took place a few days after Drelov. Father Joseph Kurmanovich was imprisoned for refusing to serve in a synodal rite the day before, his wife and children remained in the village. Instead of him to pratulin, the provladnogo father leont?j urban, the Galician muscovophile, which, however, was not allowed to the temple. Villagers kept the keys to the church, aware that for such actions of repression do not escape. On January 26, two companies of soldiers led by the military leadership of the county arrived to the village. There was a clash, during which both the military and the peasants who fought off the soldiers with sticks and stones were traumatized. After this, Lieutenant Colonel Stein gave the order to shoot. Villagers became around and began to pray. And when the head of the parish fraternity danylo karmash fell from a bullet, the cross that he held in his hands caught ignat?j franchuk, who also died. On that day, ten died, three died the next day from wounds. A total of 184 villagers were injured. Many of them were thrown into prison where they spent more than a year. And the Holms Праku Diocese in 1875 officially joined the Russian Orthodox Church. Who didn't want to go to Orthodoxy, most often went to the Roman Catholic Church.
Praises
In May 1874, Pope Pius wrote in the encyclical Omnem solicitudinem "that the Pratulin martyrs showed "heroic courage and firmness of spirit before God, angels and men". The feat of pratulinc?v also mentioned Pope Pius XII in the encyclical Orientales omnes Ecclesias. The beatification process began in 1918...
The solemn beatification of the martyrs of Pratulin took place in the 400th anniversary year since the proclamation of the Brest Union in the Cathedral of St. Peter on January 6, 1996.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/445871070583511/?multi_permalinks=917832436720703&hoisted_section_header_type=recently_seen&__cft__

• =AZWRAb6z3VdQBCXhNKY4WJYuKqRPxGT1hpm09JqNFmZ58RarynTIsbZ16zEFtlj5pADgiyZzFZxT587cmWWcY1UfaRRGheVI23LbDEuMTubrDnvCVrIX0gIA3sq-3BpKpjYE5GeNlPTT878Hl_GDfcBxJuvXxnv_aa7MmjUfYb0mSrjfin6HZYnn43oWnga3ru4lj5LQkV3LwmM6kks9Mj3V3YOTE7gZsCTg3E62eGbB7g&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-y-R
  
  
  "DID YOU KNOW ?
  1. Ukraine sells model shoes in... To Italy. Yes, in a country that is famous worldwide for its own brands. And not only to Italy, but also to France, Great Britain, USA, Germany and dozens of other countries.
  It's about Braska's trademark. She's being issued for British, but in fact she's owned by an entrepreneur from Kiev Trinity. Now 40% of Braska shoes are produced in Ukraine for local consumers, and 60% are abroad.
  There are other similar companies, for example Luciano Carvari, Blink, etc.
  The most interesting thing is that they started out as "Brands-Perevertn?", that is, they were sewn in Ukraine under the guise of foreign brands. Now everything is a little wrong and these shoes are happily worn by Europeans.
  2. Ukraine sells cheese in ... Holland. And some butter cream. And not only in Holland, but also in Denmark, which is famous for its butter. And we sell cheeses in Kazakhstan and Egypt, Moldova and the United Arab Emirates. Last year we exported almost 8 thousand. a ton of cheese and 470 tons of butter.
  A separate word is about organic products. Did you know that the Ukrainian company "Organic Milk" (M. Baran?vka Zhytomyr region) carries organic cheese, yogurt and other "smakoliki" to the Emirates by planes?
  And this company is not the only one - there are nine of them...
  3. One of the world's best luxury furniture brands.. ukrainian. They are produced by PP "Mebleva Factory "Mirt" " (Novograd-Volynsky, Zhytomyr region /
  These are not Italian or French masters tried. They are far from such quality and beauty.
  Ukrainian furniture and wooden decor elements made of natural precious wood can be seen in foreign embassies, in offices and homes of famous businessmen, in elite restaurants and hotels of the European Union, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, etc. Customers include large international companies such as Marriott International, headquartered in the US, which operates 6,080 hotels worldwide.
  4. One of the world's best supermarket refrigerators manufacturers.. Ukrainian company "Iceberg" (Odessa). HER equipment operates in supermarkets, hypermarkets and retail stores in Germany, Italy, UK, Australia, Iceland and 22 other countries.
  And it all started with the import of refrigerators from Germany, Italy, Great Britain...
  5. Among the best sailing yachts in the world... ukrainian.
  We sell them to Canada and Sweden specifically.
  Off to Sweden Carle!
  Black Sea Yachts shipyard and Fifth Ocean Yachts from Mykolaiv, "V?trila Ukraine" from Kherson and six other Ukrainian manufacturers successfully compete with famous European and American manufacturers.
  6. The most popular skis and snowboards in Europe... ukrainian. Every second snowboard and every second pair is only sold in Austria, UK, Germany, France and other countries. The leader is jp "Fisher-Mukacheve" produces 180 models of sports-running skis and 130 models of mountain skis.
  The factory produces products not only brand fischer, but also other brands, including, Scott Usa, St?ckli, Tecno Pro, Hagan, Rossignol, Alpina, Splitkein, Tecno.
  In total, last year Ukraine sold 731,4 thousand to the EU. units of this product.
  7. And Ukraine came in third place in the world as a supplier of honey. Supermarkets in France, Germany, Belgium, Emirates, Italy are clogged with Ukrainian sweet product. And Ukraine sits in the honorable third place by export of chicken to EU countries.
  8. And we also sell cigarettes and cigarettes in Japan.
  And to Europe - wine. And not only to Europe. Its exports have doubled in the last two years.
  About chocolate and candy silently - it's everyone knows and it's not interesting.
  9. And we supply men's clothes to Britain and women's clothes to Germany. Europe and the world wear jeans and other clothes of the famous German brand Brax, without even suspecting that they are sewn at the Lesya factory in Novograd-Volynskyi. The Factory "Lesya" has and its own brand, including its products exclusive dresses, tunics, skirts, women's suits etc. Pray, women, for this miracle. It's not from Paris.
  10. We also export artificial sapphires, from which modern armor vests and armor glass are manufactured in the United States for the armored cars of American presidents and used in the rocket and space industry. They are made in the Kharkiv Scientific and Technological Complex "Institute of Monocrystals". This is where the world's largest sapphire crystals are grown.
  11. And Ukraine has broken into the international market of IT technologies. Now their income ranks third (after agricultural products and metallurgy products) in the Ukrainian export article and every year this high-tech direction is growing exponentially.
  12. And these are Ukrainian light helicopters that just started to release the company "horizon" from the white church (Kiev region). Customers are already receiving them.
  So it's not only chanterelles, sunflower oil, and eco-friendly wiring for Volkswagen and Opel that we can boast about.
  Not everything we should be proud of is listed here. It's a pity, there's only some reason our journalists do not report it. They are digging up more and more dirt.
  And they're not the only ones..
  Everything will be fine! ? (C)
  Victoria Cherednychenko
  
  https://www.facebook.com/ukrainianmagazinediaspora/posts/pfbid02sXwtSEsbEuyS26V9NAmqWyGfrXPx5zKdZwZJj1GjegwRLtmVCuc7p6tbn1NpbjxDl?__cft__
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[webmaster]

https://ia804501.us.archive.org/24/items/Book_1972/%28New%20Approaches%20to%20Byzantine%20History%20and%20Culture%29%20Panos%20Sophoulis%20-%20Banditry%20in%20the%20Medieval%20Balkans%2C%20800-1500-Palgrave%20Macmillan%20%282020%29.pdf
New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture) Panos Sophoulis - Banditry in the Medieval Balkans, 800-1500-Palgrave Macmillan (2020)

[webmaster]

https://twitter.com/CeesBoogaart/status/1751209208039534656
We zijn in feite allemaal Oekrainiers, dus laat die lower life trollen maar trollen, geef wapens aan Oekraine, dat is ons moederland en nee m'n vader had geen land.
https://historianet.nl/wetenschap/enorm-dna-onderzoek-oekraiense-herders-zijn-stamvaders-van-europa
https://reddit.com/r/meerderheidnederland/comments/1977e1z/enorm_dnaonderzoek_oekra%C3%AFense_herders_zijn/

zelf kwam ik volgens DNA onderzoek pas in 2e golf met Vikingen afkomstig uit Azov gebied rond 800 CE, orginele migratie Yamnaya was 5000 jaar geleden dus plm. 3000 BCE en nee ruzzen zijn geen europeanen, Oekrainiers brachten ons het blanke ras, melktolerantie en blauwe ogen

eerder waren hier en in Europa zwarte afrikanen, daarna  Turken, daarna lichter  gekleurde touwbekercultuur en toen kwamen de blanke Yamnaya Oekrainiers waar wij blanke Nederlanders allemaal van afstammen.

[webmaster]

Hyperborea. From 100,000 to 13,000 years ago.
The civilization is quite young compared to Lemurian, but age also inspires respect. Antarctica is considered to be its homeland. Most researchers believe that the kilometer-long ice of the continent hides the wealth of a highly developed race.

It is believed that the Hyperboreans are the direct ancestors of the Slavic tribes. At least that's how ancient legends describe them.

Attempts to find traces of the lost Hyperborea have been made over many generations by both individuals and entire states. Some of the last serious expeditions were organized by Nazi Germany during the Second World War.

Fortunately, the Nazis were unable to find the entrance to the ice-covered country. After all, if they had acquired the powerful weapons of the ancients, the outcome of the World War could have been completely different.

One way or another, it seems that modern powers do not have access to the legendary Hyperborea. However, this does not make its existence any less likely.
https://vk.com/wall-151796831_142604

highres it's artic not antartic
https://vk.com/away.php?to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clubinterbellum.nl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FAgnieska-Kurant_Archive-of-Phantome-Islands_2011.jpg&cc_key=
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperborea


SVETILNYA is an ancient Russian settlement on the Trubezh River. Kyiv region.

The exact time of foundation and the ancient Russian name of the city are unknown. The construction of the fortification is attributed to Vladimir Svyatoslavich, but there is no cultural layer earlier than the 12th century, or it was not discovered. Probably,the fortress was destroyed during the Mongol-Tatar invasion.

Near the village, on the low right bank of the Trubezh River, there is a rounded settlement surrounded by a ring rampart and a ditch. There is an unfortified village nearby. Judging by the fragments of pottery ceramics, the settlement existed in the 12th-13th centuries.

https://vk.com/wall-43747253_132507

https://news.obozrevatel.com/abroad/velikaya-ukraina-ili-krah-imperializma-nashih-sosedej.htm?_gl=1*1byika0*_ga*ODk4NDUxMDYzLjE3MDY0NTY1MjY.*_ga_JBX3X27G7H*MTcwNjQ1NjUyNS4xLjAuMTcwNjQ1NjUyNS42MC4wLjA.
Blog | Games with borders: Ukraine?s neighbors should think about it

[webmaster]

🖤❤🔱 When foreigners ask why so many Ukrainians speak Russian, name some historical facts that show the chronology of russification and destruction of Ukrainian language, culture and nation from 1708 to 1990. Started this early though.

1708 r. , November - destruction by order of Peter and the Hetman capital of Baturin (with exceptional cruelty was murdered all its inhabitants - 10 thousand. men, women and children, and the city of rain was destroyed and burned.

1720 r. - The decree of Peter and the ban on printing new books in Ukrainian in Kiev-Pechersk and Chernihiv printers, and the old books before printing was punished to be brought into line with Russian.

1721 r. - Peter I decree on censoring Ukrainian books. Destruction of the Chernihiv printing house.

1729 r. - The decree of King Peter II, who obliged to rewrite from Ukrainian language into Russian all state resolutions and orders.
1755,1766,1769,1775,1786 - Prohibition of the St. Petersburg synod to print Ukrainian books.

Year 1764 - Instruction of Catherine II to Prince O. Vyazems .komu about strengthening the rusification of Ukraine, Smolen region, Baltics and Finland.

Year 1769 - A synod decree on the removal of Ukrainian letters and Ukrainian texts from church books.

Year 1786 - Prohibition of church submissions in Ukrainian language, introduction of Russian pronunciation of church texts. The decree on the obligation of the Russian language at the Kyiv Academy.

1817 - Closing Kiev-Mohyl?ns воko?̈ Academy.

1831 - Cancellation of Magdeburg law by the Tsar Government (this put an end to the non-Russian judiciary, the elections of officials and local autonomy in Ukraine).

1847 , April 5 - Arrest and indefinite imprisonment of Taras Shevchenko by a private soldier in a separate Orenburg Corps under the resolution of Nicholas I under the strictest supervision, with a ban on writing and drawing, which was equivalent to imprisonment (tried there until August 2, 1857). ). 1862 year - closure of Ukrainian Sunday and free schools for adults.

1863, July 18 - Circular of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia P. Valueva about the ban on printing books in Ukrainian language.

1869, 1886 - the decrees of the tsar administration about payments of officials of Russian origin in Ukraine for success in rusif?kac??̈.

1876, May 18 - Secret Yema decree of Alexander II on prohibition of importation from abroad to the Empire of any Ukrainian books and brochures, ban of Ukrainian theater and printing in Ukrainian language of original works of fiction, Ukrainian song texts under notes.

1881 - Prohibition of pronouncing church sermons in Ukrainian language.

1888 - Decree Alexander III on the ban on the use of Ukrainian language in official institutions and baptism of children in Ukrainian names.

1895 - Ban Ukrainian books for children.

1907. - closure of the tars уkim government of the Ukrainian periodic press, confiscation issued in the years of the revolution 1905-1907 Ukrainian literature, repression against figures of Ukrainian culture.

1908 - Decree of the Senate of the Russian Empire on the "harmfulness" of cultural and educational activities in Ukraine.

In 1914 , March - Prohibition of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of T. Shevchenka.

In 1914 - Nicholas II decree on cancellation of Ukrainian press. Prohibition in the occupied Russian army of Galicia and Bukovina of the use of Ukrainian language, printing books, newspapers and magazines in Ukrainian language. Rozgrom Society "Education", destruction of the library of the scientific society named after shevchenko. Deportation of many thousands of conscious Ukrainians to Siberia.

1921-1923 years. - hunger in the steppe areas of Ukraine caused by the policy of "war communism" and food distribution in the village, which resulted in the death of up to 1.5 million. redneck.

The year 1929 September - Arrest of prominent figures of Ukrainian science, culture, and UAPC - for "belonging" to the fictional ODPU of the Union of Liberation of Ukraine (SVU) and the Union of Ukrainian Youth (SUM).

Year 1929-1930 - the first phase of collectiv?zac???̈ and "rozkurkulenn?" in Ukraine. Eviction of hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian wealthy peasants to Siberia and the Far East.

1930s , March 9 - April 19 - Court trial in Kharkiv over 45-ma figures of Ukrainian science, literature, culture, UAPC - for belonging to the so-called "Union of Liberation of Ukraine" (SVU).

1932-33. r. - Organization of the Bolshevytsky regime of artificial famine in Ukraine, which killed 8 million Ukrainian peasants. Mass relocation of Russians in extinct Ukrainian villages.

1933. - Pogrom of Ukrainians in Kuban.

Year 1934-41 - Destruction of architectural and cultural monuments in different cities of Ukraine, arrest and loss of 80% of Ukrainian intelligence.

1937. , November - mass shooting of prisoners on the solovkah of Ukrainian writers and other figures of Ukrainian culture (up to the 20th anniversary of the October coup).

1938. , April 24 - Implementation of the Russian language as mandatory in all schools of Ukraine.

Year 1939-1941 - Large-scale repression of the NKVS authorities against Ukrainians in the western regions. Mass deportation of the Ukrainian population in remote areas of the USSR.

1947. , March 3 - Appointment L. Kaganoviča is the first secretary of the ck kp (b) in and new "cleansing" among Ukrainian cultural cadres accused of "Ukrainian bour?uaznomu national?zm?".

1949 - Supervisory "purification" in KP (b) in connection with the decisions of its 16th Congress on January 25-28 (accused of Ukrainian nationalism from January 1949 until september 1952 was excluded from the party 22175 of its members).

1954 year March 23-24-18 Congress Kpu approved a set of young men and girls from Ukraine to cyber and to Kazakhstan for osudenn? č?linnih and perelogovih lands (during 1952-1956 year. About 100 thousand went there. person).

Year 1957-61 - enhanced anti-religious actions in ursr, liquidation of about half of the church-religious institutions (parishes, monasteries, seminars).

1959 year October 15 - the murder of ctepan bandera by agent kdb b. To Stashinsky.

1961. , January - closed court in lviv over the members of Ukrainian rob?tničo-peasant union (l. Yanenko's bow, I. Candiba, S. Virun and others. ), which constituted the right of exit ursr from the warehouse of the ussr. The condemnation of L. Lukyanenka to the death penalty.

1962 year - Trial of 20 members of the Lviv Ukrainian National Committee, four of whom were convicted of shooting.

1963. - Underpinning the National Academies of Sciences of the Allied Republic of Moscow Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

1965. , August-September - the first big wave of arrests of Ukrainian figures in Ukraine (Bohdan and Michael Goryn?, p. The Bay Area, S. Caravan, in. Frost, M. The settlement, A. Shevchuk and others. ).

1969 year , June - Letter of Ukrainian Political Prisoners (M. Mountain, I. Candibee, L. Lukyanenka) to the UN Human Rights Commission on the poisoning of political prisoners.

1972 , January-May - the second big wave of intelligence arrests in Ukraine.

1972 , May - Removal from the post of the first secretary of the Central Committee of KPU P. ?elesta for Ukrainian nationalism; cleaning of the management staff of KPU.

1978. , November 11 - the directive of the college of the ministry of education ursr "improve the study of the Russian language in the general schools of the republic" (enhancing rusifikac???̈).

1979 year. , March-October - new arrests of Ukrainian figures in Ukraine: O. Berdnika (March 6), Yu. Badzia (April 23), Yu. Lithuania (August 6), M. Gorbal? (October 23) and others. (they were all sentenced to maximum imprisonment in strict regime camps and sent to remote areas of Russia).

1979 year. , May 18 - The mysterious murder of composer Vladimir Ivasyuk near Lviv.

1980-81 s. - Arrest of Ukrainian politicians C. Side by side, L. Milyavsky, L. Lokhvytskoi.

1983 - The resolution of the ck kprs about strengthening the study of Russian language in schools and payment of 16 % allowance to paid teachers of Russian language and literature ("Andropovs ряkij Decree") and the directive of the college of the ministry of education ursr "On additional measures to improve the study of the Russian language in general schools, pedagogical educational institutions, preschool and po-school institutions of the republic ", directed to enhance russification.

1984 year. - Died in the O camps. Quiet, Yu. Litvin, V. Marchenko.

1985. , September 4-in the konctabor? died poet in. Stuss.

1989. - Resolution of the plenumu ck kprs about the only official all-state Russian language in the USSR.

from https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=7469656139723010&set=a.460611667294194

Kyiv gave Europe 158 queens and kings.
In front of you lies a historical image - a portrait of Queen Anne (about a thousand years old) taken in the church of Agia Sophia in Kyiv
This temple depicts all the famous queens of Europe, of Ukrainian origin: France - Anna, Hungary - Anastasia, Norway and Denmark - Elizabeth, England - Agatha. All four are daughters of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Duke of Kyiv.
All Europe had family connections with Kiev Russia, today's Ukraine! And all this happened 100 years before the creation of the Moscow "village".
But let's get back to the Ukrainian queens, because each of these stories could be made into a Hollywood movie!
Did you know that recently passed away Queen Elizabeth of England was a descendant of Queen Agatha of Ukraine?
And that Agatha's daughter, Margaret, became not only the queen of Scotland, but the saint of that country! Because in her lifetime she built the most Christian temples and did many good things.
Did you know that Richard Leontokard and Maria Steward had Ukrainian roots - their grandmother was Agatina, Queen of Kyiv
Also remind you that the legendary Anna of Kyiv, who became the queen of France, spoke four languages. She carried the Gospel swore by almost all later kings of France and was written and printed in Kyiv Ukrainian blood of Queen Anne flowed through the veins of the late 18 kings of France.
Exactly these legendary 4 sisters from Kyiv became the queens of Europe and saved the temple of Agia Sophia of Kyiv from the "dark monster of Moscow! "
In the 30s, at the request of Mayor Stalin, the process of blowing up the Church of Agia Sophia in Kyiv began! The explosion has already been installed and the thousand-year-old architectural miracle in Kyiv would be destroyed by Moscow atheists.
And suddenly a calligraphy letter arrives from France: "If you dare to desecrate the portrait of our legendary Queen Anne and destroy the work of the hands of our Queen's father, our country will immediately cut diplomatic relations with you! "
Yes, French ancestors were the most determined! That's how Ukrainian Agia Sofia saved! And that's how you need to use the telegram language to Muscovites today!
Let's also remind the Hungarians about their Ukrainian queen Anastasia. Because thanks to the mediation of Kyiv and his powerful princes, Hungarian King Andros saved his wife Anastasia from death! At that time Kyiv Russians was the largest country in Europe with the strongest influence!
Have you ever heard that a woman for life became the queen of Norway and then of Denmark? Yes, it was Ukrainian Elizabeth! And she made her daughter the queen. He also rescued the orphaned English Princess Gita from a hate marriage and sent a battleship against an authoritarian who tried to threaten her. And then, exactly she married the English Princess Gita with King of Kiev Vladimir Gladiator!
Such strong roots Ukrainians had with England, France, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Norway when Moscow wasn't even on the map!
Who today will forbid Ukraine to become a member of the EU?
Who thinks - tell them this story! Kyiv gave Europe 158 queens and kings! And he will still give! Together to victory!
(C)
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=669943628641445&set=gm.912701257233821&idorvanity=445871070583511

[webmaster]

Does Ukraine have the right to part of today's Hungarian territories..?
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On this ancient engraving you can see a picture of the Hungarian king Bella IV, with whom grew and courageous in the neighboring Pannonia (near the Carpathians) our ancient Russian king Danylo Romanovich.
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Ah, I put this drawing with only one purpose - to draw attention to the "first bells" from outside the western border of our state, which zaz?ha?t , on its territorial integrity.
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The issue of territorial claims of one state to another has existed since nezapam?matnih times. Now, for warring Ukraine, this issue has become very hot. And there is one nuance here: for some reason today's policy of the Ukrainian authorities - regarding the territorial claims of neighboring (from the west) European countries - is as if in a deaf defense or in a timid justification. Some kind of inferiority complex or what..
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From, for example, in recent days from Hungary it is more clearly to hear already loud and brave territorial claims to Ukraine. Yes, two days ago the leader of the Hungarian far-right party Lyashlo Torocka?̈ stated that "... In the event that Ukraine loses the war with Russia and loses its statehood, Hungary will claim the territory of Transcarpathia". Our Ukrainian foreign ministry is still quietly refusing to itself...
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Is there in all this situation with the attitude of the Hungarians to ancient history, some solid historical place for Ukraine from which our state could strike strong and reasoned "hits back" based on historical factage and international law..?
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I think this is the case.
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I mean the repeated mentions in medieval manuscripts of the so-called Mark Rutenov or Mark of Russia (Mark, translated, this is a land, Krajna), which about 1100 years ago was in the territory of the later Hungarian Komitat?v ?arims Маkomu, Zempl?ns юkomu and Bereg?vs Маkomu. And these our Russians appeared in the territory of later Hungary long before the arrival of the kočivnic .kih Hungarian hordes from the South Urals.
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For example, still in the letter of the East Frankish King Ludovik the German, dated June 16, 863 there is talk of confirming the right to land possession of the Altaich Monastery (between Regensburg and Passau) and in which the administrative unit Ruzaramarcha (Rutsaramarka) is mentioned separately.
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And later, as an example in the Hildegheim annals, it is talked about the death of the Russian duke (prince) Imre the Holy (canonized in 1083): ... And the Duke of Russians Heinrich is the son of King Stephen, died crying [death] torn on hunting boar". Also in "The Life of Conrad, Archbishop of Salzburg" there is talk of the delegation of one of their ambassadors to the King, who was at the time exactly in the Russian Mark.
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And, of course, here must cite the words of Michael Grushevs .kogo about the Russian Mark on the territory of today's Hungary. So, our glorious historian writes this:
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"... We have the first authoritative report on the power of the Hungarian king over Russian lands in 1031: talking about the death of the son of King Stefan, Henry, a German historian, calls him "Russian prince", the meaning of this title is not clear, but it is difficult to interpret otherwise as a trace of the dependence of Hungarian Russia. Exactly for a century, also in a German source, a similar report about the "Russian mark" of Hungary, where the Hungarian king was then. With this, Russian stamp XII century. tried to tie the t. zv "The country " as before late times was called, and in part and dos? is called the border Carpathian belt in the capitals of Sharish, Zemplins досk?j, Uzh, and Berezhsk?j; convergence is certainly very attractive, but it is difficult to insist on it, without having directions that would tie these separated by the ages of news" (cit. by: Grushevsky, 1905, p. 488).
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... What conclusion can be made from all this..?
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First of all, Ukrainian historical science has weight and unambiguous evidence of the residence of the ancient Ukrainian population on the territory of today's Hungary, and therefore - even before the arrival of the Hungarians themselves on these lands.
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Secondly, the non-use by today's MFA employees in Ukrainian-Hungarian negotiations of these strong historical arguments (namely - about the ancient times of our residence on the territory of today's Hungary), can already in the near term put at risk the territorial integrity of our state on its western border...
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Antiquity Journal
6 d
  ?https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=808062568000673&set=a.438057335001200
NEW Excavation at a dried-out lake site in Poland uncovers over 550 bronze artefacts, predominantly arm and neck ornaments, along with skeletal human remains. This suggests a link between burial ritual and metal depositions.
An Antiquity deep dive 🤿
Papowo Biskupie in north-central Poland was occupied from 1200?450 BC by a community known as the Chełmno group, one of the northernmost communities of the Lusatian culture ? an archaeological culture of Central Europe spanning the Late Bronze and the Early Iron Age.
The Lusatian culture, along with much of the Europe at this time, is known for the ritual deposition of metal hoards in bodies of water. However, evidence of widespread hoard deposition by the Chełmno group has proven difficult to obtain.
Unlike other Lusatian communities, they did not appear to have assigned much ritual significance to metal. ?Metal does not appear to have featured prominently in the social and ritual activities of the Chełmno community?, state the authors.
This belief was called to question when metal detectorists discovered bronze objects in the Papowo Biskupie lakebed. Subsequent rescue excavation uncovered over 550 bronze artefacts and the skeletal remains of at least 33 individuals.
The majority of the metalwork discovered is arm and neck jewellery. Researchers reconstructed a possible outfit worn by a woman of the Chełmno group based on the findings.
Radiocarbon dating suggests that the placement of human remains in the lake occurred before the deposition of the metal, portraying the possibility that the Chełmno community initially buried their dead in lakes before transitioning to metal votive depositions.
These findings highlight a potential link between the deposition of human remains and metal objects in lakes during the later prehistory of Central Europe. Further research at Papowo Biskupie will reveal more information.
Importantly, this association of human remains with the metal deposits suggests that, whilst the Chełmno group initially differed from the rest of the Lusatian culture in their ritual practices, their belief system later came into line with the rest of the region.
According to the authors, this one discovery has completely changed how the Chełmno group should be viewed, ?rendering the site at Papowo Biskupie as one of the most eloquent testimonies of ritual activity from the Lusatian period in Poland.?
Read the original research in Antiquity FREE:
'The Sacred Lake Project: preliminary findings from the Lusatian site of Papowo Biskupie, Poland' ? Jacek Gackowski et al.
🆓 https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.198