Cheddar man was typical of Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers. His physical features and way of life resembled others who lived in Western and Central Europe from 14,000 to 6000 years ago. Geneticists call his race the Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG). The Mesolithic is characterised as the warm period following the ice-age. In this video I visit Cheddar gorge and the very cave in which Cheddar man was found. I look at some late stone age hunting tools such as microliths and I even describe what the Mesolithic religion was like based on the scarce evidence we have, from the caves of El Cogul to the Shigir idol of Russia. The main WHG samples I look at are Loschbour man, Cheddar man, La Brana man and Villabrunna man.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JuK-BApolc&t=435s

For those who haven't opened a history book yet, and to this day can't give advice with their tongue.
!! ️ Kiev 🇺🇦❤️ was founded in 482
!! Mass baptism of Kiev 💦 was 988
!! Baptized Rus Prince Vladimir (956-1015 years of life)
!! Moscow was founded in 1147 Yuri Dolgoruky
!! Meanwhile, Yuri Dolgorukij did not founded Moscow (! ), and v?d?av her in the suzdalʹsʹkogo boyarina bunch of stepan ?vanoviča, who owned villages across the river Moscow, killing him. https://cutt.ly/qF3Pnmd
!! ️ Yuri Dolgorukij himself was a great-grandson (! ) Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, who baptized Rus. And buried Yuri Dolgoruky - in Kyiv near Kiev Pechersk Lavra https://cutt.ly/YF3DoGc
So for the northern neighbors - Kyiv 🇺🇦 sacred place!
☝️ The territory of Kievan Rus was:
- 11th century 800 000 sq.m. km
- XII Century 1,300,000 sq.m. km
https://cutt.ly/oF3S7Z3
And prost?galas? 🌏 Kiev Rus from the Black Sea to the Baltic and White Seas!
For comparison, the territory of Ukraine today is "total" 603 548 sq km
🇺🇦 The name "Ukraine" is for the first time mentioned in the Kiev Chronicle 1187 ❗❗❗ https://cutt.ly/XF3DBD8
And no relation to " Ukraine " has, on the contrary, the word " Country " is the state.
The name "Russian Empire" was invented by Peter-1, who renamed the Moscow state, October 22, 1721, using the name of another state. https://cutt.ly/9F3GpHI
What for?
МосковWell, first of all, what do you know about the Moscow Kingdom to the rebrandingu?
пе Secondly, Rus - already at that time was an expensive and dear European brand.
Kiev Princes were in family ties practical with all royal houses of Europe.
I remember the chapel of Saint Margarita in Edinburgh, where it is indicated that she is the granddaughter of Kiev Prince Yaroslav the Wise (! )
https://cutt.ly/MF3060c
And even Macron knows the fact that the French Queen Hannah was the daughter of Yaroslav the Wise 😉 https://cutt.ly/gF8OWFQ
Rus - was one of the European centers of education.
The first educational institution is mentioned in the year 988 in the Novel of the past summer https://cutt.ly/oF3HQjy
The second one appeared in 1030. , created by Yaroslav the wise in Novgorod
Ostrog Academy was founded in 1576,
Kiev Mogylanskaya - in 1615.
📚📚📚The very Kiev Mogil?nsʹka Academy became the cradle of Russian education
Graduates of the Academy were the founders of a number of schools in Russia and Belarus, especially in the XVIII century.
They were founded schools and seminars in almost all cities of Russia: Moscow, Petersburg, Smolensk, Rostov, Tobolsk, Irkutsk, Holmogorakh, Tver, Belgorod, Suzdal, Vyatka, Vologda, Kolomna, Ryazan, Pskov, Great Ustyuz, Astrakhan, Kostromi, Vo Lodimir on Klyazm? and other cities. Teachers in these schools were mostly graduates of the Kiev Academy https://cutt.ly/5F3JUSN
🧐The famous scientist Mykhailo Lomonosov was also a graduate of the Kyiv-Mohylansk Academy. Although, before that, he graduated from the "Spassʹku School", founded by a graduate of the same Kiev-Mohylansk Academy https://cutt.ly/WF8Pinx
⚔️ 🛡️⚔️It is also important to remember Ukrainian soldiers.
All Europe knows, not from rumors, about Ukrainian Cossacks. And not just from textbooks.
In almost all European wars, which were hundreds, every third mercenary was a Ukrainian Cossack.
The history of the Second World War without Ukrainians would not be what it turned out to be. This is evidenced by the terrible numbers of losses, more than 50% of the dead USSR citizens were Ukrainians.
Russia is extremely uncomfortable to be a world entity that has no history, its name and its people. After all, "Russian" is also not a nationality, but a territory affiliation.
https://cutt.ly/7F30Jlo
And the Russian language is artificial https://cutt.ly/PF3098J
😪 And not just, the whole history of Ukraine, we are trying to destroy.
Ukrainian language banned 134 times❗❗❗
https://cutt.ly/6F3KxTL
😔 Ukrainians were destroyed by the holodomorom in 1932-1933. -- the communist totalitarian regime destroyed 10 million. 500 thousand. ukrainians https://cutt.ly/dF3KI61
😔Deported to the Far East https://cutt.ly/fF3KGp0
😔Our fertile territories were taken away from us https://cutt.ly/vF3Vtk4
One can go on with a long list of crimes and thefts that tries to hide Muscovy, the heir of the Horde traditions. But they won't do anything. History lessons have not been learned.
For Ukrainians, unlike the Russians, freedom and dignity are valuable🇺🇦.
Author: Catherine Koval
  ?

*!! This truth about Ukraine has been hidden all these years!
Just think about these numbers! *
Turns out Ukraine is one of the richest countries in the world, but the poorest people on the continent live in the richest country in the world.
How is this even possible?
We have deliberately been turned into beggars, where all the wealth is owned by a few zl0d?jsʹkih 0l?garh?čnič kl@n?v.
* Ukraine's position in Europe and the world: *
▪️ 1 place in Europe in the territory-603 628 km2;
▪️4th place in the world for the total cost of natural resources.
▪️5th place in Europe and 29th in the world by population.
* Ukraine is one of the richest countries in the world in reserves of natural useful mines. *
This requires:
▪️1 place in Europe in research and mining of uranium minerals;
▪️ 2 place in Europe, 10th place in the world for titanium reserves;
▪️ 2 place in the world for researched reserves of minerals marganese
▪️ 2nd place in the world for iron minerals reserves
▪️ 4th place in the world for potassium reserves (Stebnytske Depot)
▪️ 2 place in Europe by reserves of mercury useful digs;
▪️3rd place in Europe (thirteenth in the world) in gas reserves
▪️ 7th place in the world in coal reserves;
*Ukraine s?lʹgospkraina 😗
▪️1 place in Europe by arable surface;
▪️3rd place in the world by black soil area (this is 25% of world total);
▪️ 1 place in export of sunflower and sunflower oil;
▪️ 2nd place in the world in production and 4th place in barley export;
▪️3rd place in the world in production and 4th place in corn export;
▪️ 4th place in the world by the amount of cultivated potatoes;
▪️ 5th place in the world in rye production;
▪️ 5th place in the world in ap?stic production;
▪️8th place in the world in wheat export;
▪️ 9th place in the world in chicken egg production;
▪️16th place in the world in cheese export.
* Ukraine can meet the food needs of 600 million people. *
* Ukraine is an industrial country: *
▪️ 1 place in Europe in ammonia production;
▪️3rd place in Europe and 8th in the world for installed nuclear power plants;
▪️ 3rd place in Europe and 11th in the world for the length of the railway network (21.7 thousand). km).
▪️3rd place in the world (after the United States and France) in the production of locators and tracking devices;
▪️3rd place in the world for exporting chavunu
▪️4th place in the world in exporting turbines for nuclear power plants;
▪️ 4th place in the world in the market of launchers construction and their commercial use to launch useful trucks into orbit;
▪️4th place in the world in clay export;
▪️4th place in the world for exporting titanium;
▪️8th place in the world in export of useful excavations and concentrates;
▪️9th place in the world in exporting products of the military industrial complex;
▪️ 10th place in the world in steel production;
* Ukraine is one of the most educated countries 😘
▪️ According to the classification of the Human Development Reports, Ukraine belongs to the countries with a high level of education. The number of PhDs in Economic Sciences in Ukraine is 15,000, PhDs - over 80,000;
▪️ Ukraine ranks 4th in the world in the number of people with higher education, and the level of education exceeds the European average;
▪️9th place in the world by the number of students arriving from abroad;
▪️9th place in Europe by the number of Internet users...
P.S. Why Ukrainians so "mainly" live in Ukraine?! Ukraine is one of the richest countries in the world in natural resources and opportunities. It is unfortunate that the Ukrainian people cannot or will not defend their rights after the dignity revolution.
To allow the power of b @ nditam, killers and ol?g @ Rham who pl юtʹ and vitir @ бtʹ legs about the main law of the constitution of Ukraine. For years and even after the Dignity Revolution, we were and ended with mandatory tariffs, taxes, ridiculous fines, salaries and pensions.
* Considering our natural resources, laws (see. at least articles 3,5,13 of the constitution) we can be richer than UAE. *
* But we are gr @ bu *tʹ clans and oligarchs who tear our country into pieces.
After the war, it will not be, this will facilitate the execution of criminal responsibility for corruption until life and beyond.
SHARE THIS SO OTHERS WILL KNOW!!! *
https://news.obozrevatel.com/ukr/economics/zmishali-tri-loti-na-hmelnichchini-selyani-kupili-ridkisne-vugillya.htm

  ?   ?
  OLD STATE KYIVAN - RUS
Rus ( Рус gia) is a slightly ancient tribe of people living in Eastern Europe from the Baltic to Shanghai, a community of blood relations - a fairly loose gene of Eastern Slavs, Baltic and Finnish. Where they lived established the nation ancient Kyiv-Rus or Киоус ская, Russian l?иевская cổус l?. The central part of the country which is now Kyiv is also the origin of modern Ukraine.
An in-depth study of this ancient national history with Ukrainian historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866 ? 1934 ? image 1) concludes that Ukrainians are now the main constructors of the Kyiv?Rus temple ethnic structure.
After the state was destroyed by the Mongolian Empire, by the time of the emergence of the Moscow Empire, it erased traces of the ancient Russian state of Kyiv both in fact and in history.
After the October Revolution, the process was driven even more vigorously and sophisticated, typical of the Soviet Institute of Korean Sciences Boris Grekov (1882-1953). The pinnacle of this system is ? (иевская t?cус и? (photo 2). Its main content seeks to prove that the Russian, Belarus and Ukrainian tribes now share equally the ancient state of Kyiv and that later the country's central in Moscow was the country's still central transportation. Grekov is a Marxism-Leninism ideologist, as opposed to Mykhailo Hrushevsky who is supposed to be representative of ?nationalism. "
There have been many publications so far about the Ukrainians? long-standing origins and lasting attachment to the Kyiv ? Rus nation. This concept does not fit into today?s Russian interpretation, considering Russians as a minority more than people Ukraine in Kyiv - Rus and then establishment later, not very exciting. So Grekov's view is still the mainstream Russian view so far. On the other hand his studies, especially on Tartars, Crimea Korean.... very valuable so his reputation is huge.
Recently, there have been a lot of "Rus is not Russia" announcements that are very good and objective, if you read them, they will help you approach unknown concepts. The confusing example of ?Rus? and ?Russia? in English is one, but ? ?ус сь / mộtоссия? is definitely not one. So what exactly is the story about the "myth theory:"
                                                      *
                                                   *     *
ARE "RUSSIANS" AND "RUSSIA" THE SAME ?
?Rus? and ?Russia? are two different historical phenomena. ?Rus? in a broad sense was all that officially belonged to the ?rurikovich? before the Ancient Mongolian invasion in the 13th century, in a narrow sense ? the later Central Dnipro region. But worth telling, Russia has been the name of the State of Moscow since 1721 (i.e. since the formation of the Russian Empire).
?Rus? in all cases and by most widely understood were the kingdoms under the rule of the Rurik dynasty before the Mongolian invasion of 1237 ? 1241. The Rurik Dynasty (in Belarus also known as the Rurikid dynasty or Rurikids dynasty, was a royal lineage founded by prince Varangian Rurik, who established itself in Novgorod in about 862 AD. Rurikids was the Kyiv Rus dynasty (after the Kyiv conquest of Oleg ?of Novgorod? in 882) before it dissolved in the middle of the 13th century, as well as the successor Russian empires and republics of Rus princes Novgorod, Pskov, Vladimir ? Suzdal, Ryazan, Smolensk, Galicia ? Volhynia (after 1199), Chernigov, and Moscow Empire (from 1263).
Then came the Galician ?Kings of ?Rus? Daniel of Galicia (1253?1264) and his grandson Yuri I Lvovich (1301?1308). But "Russia" was a country born in the early 18th century on the basis of the Moscow Empire, which gained its independence from Khan Tatar in 1480.
Northeast "Rus" (modern Moscow region) was first called "Rus" in an ancient source relating to the period 1237?1238 in the work "Tales of the destruction of Russian land" praising the Mongolian invasion.
The word ?Rosia? is a word of ancient Greek origin (Hellenism), which is the extension of the ?Rus.? After the Black Sea invasion of Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine called ?Rus? meaning ?grown man.? "
From the end of the XV century Moscow began to assert the position of the "Roman Triples" and "gathering the lands of Russia," which in 1533, under the Tyrant Ivan IV, changed its name to the "Kingdom of Russia". Yet all the neighboring countries, especially the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, continue to call the kingdom ?Muscovy. "
Until the early XVIII century the name "Russia" did not have explicit designation to a specific territory, signifying "Rus in general" or its portion in the texts of the Enlightened Congregation (those who know Greek). Especially, in the middle of the 17th century the concept of "Russia" could also be called "China Ukraine" (originally "Rus"). This can be seen through the poem by students of Mohyla Kyiv College and circa 1648 ? 1649, dedicated to Bogdan Khmelnitsky: ?With you, Russia stood on its feet? (?С не C? C?оссия на C?о 16и стала?) Clearly in place educated people who wrote that, surely they didn't mean Muscovy.
In 1721, at the request of Feofan Prokopovich, a resident of Kyiv, one of the reformed thinkers of Piotr the Great, the ?kingdom of Russia? (? ưусское Nămарство?) was renamed the ?Russian Empire? (? ưоси ưску ư и Nămери Năm?). So, it's official Russia is now "Russia" since 1721. Later, the names with the ingredient ?Russia? were the result of imperial unification over the vast lands of St. Petersburg ? such as ?Novorossiya? (New Russia ? ? phầnовороссия?), while the name ?Ukraine? was replaced by ?Little Russia.?
In terms of territorial names, no one ?officially changed the name Rus? to ?Ukraine?. The center of modern Ukraine surrounding Kyiv is the "Principal Rus". ?And therefore, Ukraine?s name ?Ukraine ? Rus? would be quite historically reasonable.
Unfortunately, until now, Grekov?s ? phẩmиевская Nус Đ? title still translated into Vietnamese as ?Cyprus Russia. "It makes all of us always think that the Russians, modern Russia is the origin first, the "Egyptian Russia" and the origin of all the latter, in which the Ukrainian nation and culture are only one part genesis. This is one of the most historically wrongs, which was brought about by a long-term deliberate propaganda process, and the Vietnamese were among the victims of that process.
                                                      *
                                                   *     *
So how specific the situation is in history, is up to historians and we have a right to based on what we know for sure: (1) Soviet history documented the ancient state of Kyiv ? Rus Grekov's Marxism-Leninism in the "only right" mindset and (2) So far even in Russia there have been many changes in the direction of reviewing those "only right" things. From the above two points, we have the right to re-ask the question whether Grekov was ambiguous, subjective, even based on Great Russian ideology to deny the older Ukrainian roots in the historical period ?The Ancient State of Kyiv ? Russian ? "
Personally, I look forward to the future works of Mykhailo Hrushevsky translated into Vietnamese, especially his studies on the role of the Ukrainian people in the formation, existence and destruction of the State ancient Kyiv ? Rus. Only then we Vietnamese can clearly understand the historical role of ethnicities in relations with other ethnicities.
To conclude this article, I would like to quote a Vietnamese scholar, Mr. Kim Van Chinh: ?The history of the ancient State of Kyiv ? Rus in all that has happened and all that has been recorded so far, shows the Russians lost their homeland (in Kyiv) and the Ukrainians lost their name. "
Personally, if Ukraine is mentioned in history will try to call it ?Ukraine ? Rus.?
Reference documents:
? Greek B. D. Kievan Rus" - Gospolitizdat, Moscow 1953.
? Cyril Galushko. Are "Russia" and "Russia" the same thing? 24/8/2014
Excerpt from the manuscript #Russia geopolitical issues and the war in Ukraine
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0PMwoW2S4KbLNx5TK3PzZTQDbTAfKcT3DMP3wtXE88ZyKQCzdoc8XFLTD9Tbp1PnRl&id=100087495527241

there' only ONE RUSsia and that's Ukraine (RUS) - ruzzia is as it was before 1721 Muscovy and its people Muscovites, and its history is written already in 400 BCE by Herodotus: https://archive.org/details/scythiansgreekss00minn/page/32/mode/1up?q=Androphagi
Scythians and Greeks : a survey of ancient history and archaeology : Minns, Ellis H Publication date 1913.. 720 pages | while "russians" are just Muscovites who descend from androphagi katsaps(butchers) and cannibals like Herodotus said, they are not SLAVS but slaves

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d48bhkOiEuA
Yamnaya: Faces of the Indo-Europeans of Ukraine

The Indo-European Sky Father
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIfB1LI79OQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AabWNnVbXUU
haplogroups

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jaeSHfNTuQ
Are Finns European? 🇫🇮

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSVZB3zJ35I
Aryan Invasion of India: Myth or Reality?

Who were the Proto-Indo-Europeans?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4JPMYHTZis

How the Moscow Patriarchate appropriated the Ukrainian Church.
On February 2, 1589, the Moscow Patriarchate was proclaimed in Muscovy. Metropolitan Iova was appointed as the first patriarch.
Back in 1448, the Moscow Church arbitrarily separated from the Kyiv Metropolitanate, and therefore was not recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople and was in a schism for 141 years.
Until that time, these dioceses belonged to the Kyiv Metropolitanate of the Constantinople Patriarchate, which did not provide for their independent management.
Due to its arbitrary separation in 1448, the Moscow Church did not have Eucharistic unity with the Orthodox world and was considered apostate.
According to historical sources, Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremiah II granted the self-proclaimed metropolitans of Moscow the patriarchal dignity only after he was held in Moscow captivity for six months.
Only in 1593 did the Council recognize the self-proclaimed Patriarch of Moscow. Therefore, Iov became the first patriarch of the Moscow church. Some scholars do not rule out the possibility of forgery of the document that recognized the self-proclaimed Patriarchate of Muscovy.
At that time, the Kyiv Metropolitanate of the Orthodox Church remained under the omophorion of the Ecumenical Patriarch.
In 1654, when the Ukrainian state of Bohdan Khmelnytsky concluded a federal union with the Moscow kingdom, Tsar Oleksii Mykhailovych for the first time raised the question of transferring the Kyiv Metropolitanate under the jurisdiction of Moscow.
But Metropolitan Sylvester Kosiv and the Ukrainian clergy opposed this and boycotted the Pereyaslav Rada. However, even then, the dioceses of Belarus occupied by Muscovites (Mohyliv, Polotsk, and Smolensk) were non-canonically excommunicated from the Kyiv Metropolitanate and joined to the Moscow Patriarchate.
Taking advantage of the disorder and chaos of the civil war that began in Ukraine after the death of Khmelnytskyi, the tsar violated the terms of the Pereyaslav agreement at every opportunity, limiting the autonomy of the Ukrainian Cossack statehood. But he could not do the same with the Ukrainian church. The first attempt to capture the Kyiv Metropolitanate was made in the spring of 1661, when, contrary to the canons, but with the knowledge of Oleksiy Mykhailovych, the deputy of the patriarchal throne, Pitirim, consecrated Maxim Filimonovych (Mefodius), known for his pro-Moscow views, as a bishop, simultaneously appointing him as the overseer of the Kyiv Metropolitanate.
However, at that time the newly appeared bishop Methodius met fierce resistance from the Cossack chieftain and commanding hetman Somko, and the real metropolitan Dionysius Balaban immediately removed the prot?g? of a foreign diocese, appointing Joseph Tukalsky as bishop of Mstislavsky.
On February 16, 1662, Moscow Patriarch Nikon pronounced anathema on his deputy Pitirim for violating the canons. But despite the unsuccessful finale, the Moscow government did not give up on the idea of taking control of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. And four years later, on October 11, 1665, hetman Ivan Bryukhovetsky signed the so-called Moscow Articles, which significantly limited the autonomy of Ukraine. Among the provisions of this agreement was the transfer of the Kyiv Metropolitanate under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate.
Bryukhovetskyi soon saw what, according to M. Hrushevskyi's expression, "coals of fire" had collected on his head. Everyone rose up against the hetman: Zaporozhye, which brought him to power, the foreman, the common people, and the clergy. The latter categorically refused to receive the metropolitan from Moscow, declaring that they would shut themselves up in monasteries and if they were dragged out by the neck and legs, only then would the Moscow metropolitan be in Kyiv. "It is better for us to accept death than the metropolitan from Moscow," churchmen said. An uprising broke out in Ukraine, during which Bryukhovetskyi was killed. For ten years, Moscow again had to forget about the Kyiv Metropolitanate.
In 1684, Metropolitan Yosyp Nelyubovych-Tukalskyi, a long-time accomplice of Peter Doroshenko, died. The tsarist government decided to take advantage of this and achieve the appointment of such a loyal metropolitan who would accept the blessing from the Moscow patriarch and recognize his authority to the Kyiv see. Soon, the right candidate was found - Bishop Gedeon (Prince Svyatopolk Chetvertynskyi), the suitor of Hetman Ivan Samoilovich, who was sympathetic to any actions of Moscow government officials.
The Ukrainian clergy resolutely opposed Gedeon's election and submission to the Moscow Patriarchate. Two protests were sent to Samoilovych.
In the first, it was said that resubordination of the metropolis is the prerogative of the Patriarch of Constantinople alone. In the second, new orders were announced in the Bilhorod Diocese (Slobidska Ukraine), recently annexed to the Moscow Patriarchate: exorbitant taxes were demanded from each parish, for non-payment of which the priest was beaten with a stick, laymen had to pay the metropolitan hryvnia for any unexpected death. The old church singing was canceled and the Moscow style was introduced, which ordinary believers could not get used to. On July 6, 1685, the clergy overwhelmingly boycotted the church council at which Gideon was elected metropolitan. Therefore, Muscophiles and minor clergy took part in his election. In October of the same year, Gideon arrived
https://www.facebook.com/groups/antivatnik/posts/2069069693303538/?__cft__

• =AZVQOH8QsWiGgNFLYeAzbpKUQXTSN8Zy4OpTF3gyYjEac9pLBLpu8mVBBPZiY49i4dNzvYZtmTbiO-noOPBYL7v75mciM9f7pkGLv8ENTLu0axoW94bV4gT0rsaoBhfA2JgQOeXKelSVvrXN7k5EtkLaLn6uzCsabMmtrFlKKY-C2A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R
  
  https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-64109405?at_link_origin=BBC_News_Ukrainian&at_campaign=Social_Flow&at_campaign_type=owned&at_link_id=0AA50D3C-89B6-11ED-B3F6-5C34FC756850&at_medium=social&at_link_type=web_link&at_bbc_team=editorial&at_ptr_name=facebook_page&at_format=link&fbclid=IwAR1TqrNkA8YgUWJIt1D9VG6LMB7fN_0YruZi7NcBOVZjbkAipdJR7zsfryw
  Scientists have managed to decipher an 800-year-old lead letter from the time of Rus, which is unique for Ukraine.
  
  
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stTgvqF7zxY
  The rise of Vladimir Putin | DW Documentary

n the last 400 years Russia the evil Empire has try to destroy the Ukrainian culture, their language, music, poetry ect.. Russia has banded and prohibited the Ukrainian language over 100 times starting in 1627 with the burning of all Ukrainian "Uchitel" bible  written in Ukrainian language.🇺🇦
UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE - in 1934 was recognized at the beauty contest of languages in Paris, as the best, most eloquent and richest language in the world, and took second place after Italian. In 2012 entered the Guinness Book of Records, and from now on in the first place, setting the record for the duration of the musical telemarathon of the national song. Only Ukrainian tracks burst without a break on advertising live 110 hours. The previous record was set by Italy in 2010 in Pesaro-103 hours 9 minutes 26 seconds.
UKRAINIANS are a singing nation that created the largest number of folk songs in the world. Together, about 200 thousand Ukrainian folk songs were awarded. No nation in history has as many songs as the Ukrainian people created on their own. UNESCO has collected an amazing phonoteque of folk songs from all over the world. The fund of Ukraine contains 15,5 thousand songs. UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IS THE LANGUAGE OF SLOVINA! 💙💛
More relevant information here, join in.

Sumerians Looked to the Heavens as They Invented the System of Time? And We Still Use it Today. One might find it curious that we divide the hours into 60 minutes and the days into 24 hours - why not a multiple of 10 or 12? Put quite simply, the answer is because the inventors of time did not operate on a decimal (base-10) or duodecimal (base-12) system but a sexagesimal (base-60) system. For the ancient Sumerian innovators who first divided the movements of the heavens into countable intervals, 60 was the perfect number. The number 60 can be divided by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30 equal parts. Moreover, ancient astronomers believed there were 360 ​​days in a year, a number which 60 fits neatly into six times. The Sumerian Empire did not last. However, for more than 5,000 years the world has remained committed to their delineation of time
#Decoding_Ancient_Archeology


https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-64172167
A furniture maker has solved the mystery of European rock paintings 20-30 thousand years old
Dots and other markings were used to record reproductive cycles of animals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLkYkN-Bhi0
Studies of demographic changes in the vast territories of the Eurasian steppe in the Bronze and Iron Ages are continuing. The area was inhabited by various nomadic populations, which had a significant impact on cultural development in both Asia and Europe. The most famous of the Western Eurasian groups are representatives of the pit culture. Past genomic studies have revealed significant migrations of nomadic peoples associated with the pit culture of the Bronze Age, throughout Eurasia, about 5 thousand years ago. Migrations introduced Caucasian components to later European populations. Also in Central Europe, the pit culture was the ancestor of the culture of battle axes, which, according to a distinctive tradition, put stone axes into men's graves. After that, the genetic traces of the pit culture were found in many subsequent ancient and modern populations. However, the Black Sea-Caspian steppe was crucial not only for the migration of the early Bronze Age, but also for subsequent movements and demographic transformations in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, between 1800 BC. and 400 AD This period covers the development of the ethnocultural association of the log-cultural and historical community and the Alakul variant of the Andronovo culture, about 1800-1200. BC e. associated with small settlements from the Urals to Dnieper Upland.
And from about 1000 BC. er In the western part of the Black Sea-Caspian steppe, Pre-Scythian nomadic groups began to appear, including Cimmerians, known from historical sources. Despite regional differences and local features, Cimmerians were not associated with homogeneous types of archaeological material cultures. In the seventh century BC, they were replaced by the Scythians, who ousted the Cimmerians to Anatolia. Between 700 and 300 BC. er Scythians, which are cattle-breeding, nomadic groups of the new militarized type, dominated the Black Sea-Caspian and Kazakh steppes, occupying the area from Altai to the Carpathians. However, around 300 BC their positions were significantly shaken by the intensification of hostile relations with the Macedonians in the west and the invasion of the Sarmatians from the east. Sarmatians and Scythians were believed to have coexisted for several centuries, but eventually the Scythians fell under the onslaught of Sarmatians. The Sarmatians, believed to have been composed of a number of similar nomadic groups, became the most influential political force in the eastern outskirts of the Roman Empire at that time. And the fall of the Sarmatians was associated with the attack of the Goths, around 400 AD, and the subsequent invasion of the Huns. However, the population interactions of the nomads of the Black Sea-Caspian steppe among themselves remain insufficiently studied.

Google is so powerful that it "hides" other search systems from us. Most of them we simply do not know exist.
Meanwhile, there are still a ton of great search engines out there that specialize in books, science, and other smart information.
Keep a list of sites you never heard of.
www.refseek.com - a search engine for academic resources. More than a billion sources: encyclopedias, monographs, magazines.
www.worldcat.org - a search for the contents of 20 thousand world libraries. You will find out where the nearest rare book you need is.
https://link.springer.com - access to more than 10 million scientific documents: books, articles, research records.
www.bioline.org.br is a library of scientific journals on bioscience published in developing countries.
http://repec.org - volunteers from 102 countries have collected almost 4 million publications on economics and related sciences.
www.science.gov is an American state search engine for 2200+ scientific sites. More than 200 million articles are indexed.
www.pdfdrive.com is the largest site for free download of books in PDF format. More than 225 million names are declared.
www.base-search.net is one of the powerful search sites for academic research texts. More than 100 million scientific documents, 70% of them are free

https://orinews.live/oldest-gold-of-humankind-found-in-varna-necropolis-was-buried-6500-years-ago-2/

 
 
  There was a real oven cult in Ukraine. And not only because in it they cooked food, baked bread, dried rashes, slept on it, treated colds, etc.
The stove was a deep symbol of the native hearth, the continuity of the genus.
The ancestors attributed the miraculous powers of the patron of the genus. Therefore the stove was the sacred place where a woman was giving birth to a child.
At the same time, the stove is the home of the older family members. It is believed that a stove can take a sick child and bring them back healthy.
The stove was often whitened, decorated with decorative paintings (Podillya), cuttings (Khmelnytsky region), paper coloring (Petrikovtsi). That is, the stove was a symbol of high aesthetic tastes of ukrainians. It was strictly forbidden to spit in the burning fire, swearing near the oven. The stove was a guard against various impurities. Lučin, ?arinki, ash used in voro??nn?h, treatment of sick.
In honor of the age-old feeder of Ukrainians in the Rivne region, even a monument to the oven.
In folklore, literature the stove symbolizes holiness, continuity of the life of the people, bright childhood, warmth, coziness and more. Behind the words of V. Countryman, "for a real Ukrainian stove equally that altar for the believer".
The stove in the house is like a mother in the family. From now on, ovens are thrown out of the houses, and somehow they immediately get naked. You won't take shelter in the boiler or gas convector, you won't sit on it. And the stove cures all radiculitis and colds...
Ukrainian stove fed, warmed and treated. Sleep and on it, and around it - on the furnace, beds or floor - boards fitted from oven to wall. The furnace was treated like a sanctuary - such a homemade altar. She didn't quarrel or swear:
- I would have told you that the stove is in the house, - they usually answered.
A girl was breaking the stove during a matchmaking - she was looking for custody of the souls of dead ancestors, because they supposedly live there - under the stove. She was perceived almost alive. "the oven our laugh, loaf wants",-pris?vuvali women, planting wedding bread in her.
The mistress watched so that the zasl?nka oven was always closed, - "so that the enemies across the village mouth do not reveal". Bleached the oven every Saturday, and left a pot of water and polino in it overnight - "so that the oven has something to eat and drink".
For the baby to grow healthy and wealthy, her after baptism was put on the stove on the skin. Sick on rah?t baby on a bread shovel three times zasovuvali in a warm oven - "perep?kali". Because they believed that the stove and its related utensils not only provided welfare, but also drove away evil, cleaned it. So that the lightning did not light the house, the Holy Willow was thrown in the oven. And to drive away the hail cloud, the yard was thrown to the cross of the horn and a bread shovel that stood in the corner of the oven.
Once a year the stove had to have a rest. Under the old New Year, as prepared a corner for a generous evening, in the oven all day long did not cook and did not heat. You couldn't even sit on it, let alone sleep. Because tonight - between Malanka and Vasyl - the stove is getting married, so she will have a hard time dancing.

In addition to the Xiongnu, the issue will also mention the Scythians, Avars, Magyars, as well as other Turkic peoples. The Xiongnu are an association of nomadic pastoralist tribes and not only that founded the first steppe empire in Inner Asia. From the 3rd century BC e. and up to the 2nd century A.D. e. they ruled a territory stretching at their peak from Lake Baikal in the north to the Gobi Desert in the south and from Western Manchuria in the east to the Pamirs in the West. And their difficult relationship with the neighboring Han Empire led to the construction of the Great Wall of China in response to the Xiongnu raids. But there were also periods of trade relations, gifts, tributes, and arranged marriages, which were part of the "harmonious relationship" policy adopted by the Han Empire. However, around 130 BC. e. the Chinese began to pursue a more aggressive policy, which led to the decline of the Xiongnu dynasty, which disappeared from Chinese records after the 2nd century AD. e.Since the Xiongnu left no written sources, most of the available information about their way of life, social, economic and political systems, as well as military practices, is contained in Chinese historical texts. At the same time, due to the geographical position of the border with China, more information is available about the Xiongnu from the southern regions. Although archaeological excavations were another important source of data, some key aspects of the Xiongnu culture are still unclear, namely their biological structure, ethnic or linguistic identity, and their relationship with other Iron Age nomads. The term "Xiongnu" denoted both a people and a political entity, but it is unclear whether it can be attributed to an ethnic group, biological population, archaeological culture, or, more likely, to some combination of these.The results of physical and anthropological studies, and especially comparative craniofacial analysis, revealed a complex population structure of the population of the Xiongnu Empire, mainly as a mixture between Caucasian and Mongoloid ethnic groups, despite the predominant Mongoloid appearance. A genetic analysis of skeletal remains found in burials of the Xiongnu era also revealed features characteristic of East Asian populations, with an admixture of West Eurasian ones.Simply put, the Xiongnu is a union of various tribes inhabiting vast territories of the future empire, and these people spoke different languages and represented the ancestors of various modern ethnic groups. For example, representatives of the Xiongnu from Western and Central Mongolia, according to physical anthropology, are close to the cultures of the Turkic circle, and Eastern Mongolia to the Xianbi and Xiongnu of Transbaikalia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cpj92GPvZTk

--

 In the study, the authors touch upon the formation of populations, the origins of cattle breeding, horses, the external variability of people from different periods and, in general, how the meetings of the west with the east shaped the modern appearance of the inhabitants of the East Eurasian steppe. Up to pigmentation, as well as the ability to digest lactose and alcohol. Most of the studied region falls within the boundaries of modern Mongolia, also capturing parts of China and Russia. Previous paleogenetic studies indicate that the population history of Eurasia was quite dynamic, especially during the Bronze Age. And in the forest-steppe zone in the east of Eurasia, the populations were quite structured until the Bronze Age. Their genetic structure corresponded to a mixture of populations on the wedge from the Botai culture in central Kazakhstan to Lake Baikal and further to the Devil's Gate cave in Primorye. However, the introduction of cattle breeding in the Bronze Age radically changed the way of life and culture of people in the eastern part of the Eurasian steppe. Recent studies have confirmed the consumption of milk in the region, about 5 thousand years ago, by people associated with the Afanasevo and Chemurchek cultures. After the introduction, dairy farming became widespread in the Middle/Late Bronze Age, in the west and north of the region within the areas associated with the Khereksur and Deer Stone cultures, and in the east with the Ulaan Zhuukh culture. And by the middle of the first millennium BC, the previous Middle/Late Bronze Age cultures had declined and early Iron Age cultures emerged, such as the slab grave culture of eastern/southern Mongolia from 1300 to 300 BC. BC e. and the Uyuk-Sagly Sayan culture in the northwest around 500?200 BC. BC e., which had strong cultural ties with the Pazyryk culture (about 500?200 BC) and the Saka culture of Altai and Eastern Kazakhstan (about 900?200 BC). And from the end of the first millennium BC, the Xiongnu formed in the eastern part of the Eurasian steppe (from 209 BC to 98 AD). Their expansion into northern China, southern Siberia, and deep into Central Asia had a profound impact on demographics and geopolitics. Next were the Turkic Khaganate (552?603 AD), then the Uighur Khaganate (744?840 AD) and the state of the Khitan Mongols - Liao (907?1125 AD). The last and largest was the Mongol Empire, which arose in the thirteenth century AD, which controlled the trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean. To clarify the population dynamics of the Eastern Steppe since prehistoric times, The authors analyzed genome-wide genetic datasets for 214 individuals from 85 Mongolian and 3 Russian settlements spanning approximately 6000 years (approximately 4600 BC to 1400 AD). To the new set, previously published samples from Mongolia, Russia and Kazakhstan were added.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbA_Uy4Xg_A&feature=youtu.be
Genetic history of the Eastern steppe for 6000 years. Indo-Europeans, Mongols, Turks, etc.

The transition from hunting and gathering to farming and cattle breeding in ancient society took place about 11?10 thousand years ago in South-West Asia. This has led to significant and relatively rapid changes in the way people live and social and economic changes in many parts of the world. This transition occurred independently in different periods from at least a dozen primary centers of domestication in East and West Asia, Africa, New Guinea, and North and South America, where natural conditions allowed. However, the social, cultural, behavioral, and other factors associated with health and lifestyle that accompanied this transition are not well understood. A bioarchaeological study from the Neolithic settlement of ?atalh?y?k in ancient Anatolia or modern Turkey allows us to supplement our understanding of life and problems, the first inhabitants of a large settlement. Namely, what was the dynamics of the population size, what were ill, were there any conflicts and so on.
Life and problems in the Neolithic settlement ?atalh?y?k. Neolithic revolution and its consequences
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK27_q_hevE

Slavicization of the Uralic speakers Volga-Oka interfluve. Languages & genes from Iron Age to Slavs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRYJX2nKgk4
In the history of mankind, the spread of languages was often accompanied by migrations, but people could switch to other languages almost without migrations and, accordingly, without genetic changes. And vice versa, to mix without language changes. Thus, conclusions about past contacts of the population, based either on the current distribution of languages, or only on components of genetic origin, can be misleading. Nevertheless, studies of ancient DNA allow us to directly observe changes in the gene pools of populations in time and space, revealing connections between genetic, archaeological and linguistic data.
The Volga-Oka interfluve has an intriguing history of population influx and language change. Currently, most of the inhabitants of the region speak Russian, but before the Middle Ages, the north-west of Russia was inhabited by Ural-speaking peoples. And the gradual transition to Slavic languages began in the second half of the first millennium AD, with the expansion of Slavic tribes, as a result of which the state of Kievan Rus was founded at the end of the IX century AD. Medieval Rus was multicultural and multilingual. But after the baptism of Rus and the spread of Cyrillic writing in the X-XI centuries, the influence and attractiveness of the Slavic Mzyk increased, which led to a shift from the Uralic to Slavic. At the same time, despite the replacement of the language, modern Russians of the north-western regions demonstrate a clear proximity to their Ural-speaking neighbors, which suggests a genetic contribution from these previous populations.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuB8WeUqidc
Baikal-genetic history from the Paleolithic to the bronze age and the settlement of America
From previous studies it is known that the area of ​​Lake Baikal was inhabited by anatomically modern people since the Upper Paleolithic and has rich archaeological data. Over the past 5 years of research on ancient genomes, many impurities and genetic changes have been identified in this region. The representative of the late Paleolithic site of Malta, 24 thousand years old, represents a population called as "ancient northern Eurasians (ANE)", which was widespread in Siberia during the Paleolithic. Moreover, the ancient northern Eurasians themselves are descendants of the ancient northern Siberians, represented by the inhabitants of the Yanskaya site with little contribution from the early Eurasian line, akin to the late Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of the Caucasus. However, the spread of these ancient northern Eurasians contributed to the emergence of a genetic profile of Native Americans, as well as many modern populations. And during the early Neolithic period, the pedigree associated with the ancient northern Eurasians in the Baikal region was largely replaced by the gene pool belonging to Northeast Asia, the Chertovy Vorota cave area (NEA), with a partial restoration of the ancient North Eurasian ancestry (ANE) at the beginning of the Bronze Age.
Content:
00:00 | Introduction
2:55 | New designs
4:13 | Population structure
7:18 | Relations with Non-Arctic Native Americans
8:56 | Changes in the gene pool in the Baikal region between the Early Neolithic and the Bronze Age
10:43 | Migrations and impurities in the Baikal region population of the Bronze Age
13:07 | Detection of plague bacillus bacteria in South Siberia
14:19 | Genetic contribution to Okunev culture
15:01 | Summary



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6wteSxpuB8
How the Scythians and Sarmatians influenced the genetic landscape of the Eurasian steppe
I propose to get acquainted with a new study related to the Scythians and not only, with an additional set of ancient DNA samples of their haplogroups and a description of the archaeological background on the territory of modern Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan.
(NOTE: 25: 02 reservation. "Chernyakhovskaya culture, dates from II-IV centuries AD"!
The study was published on July 11, 2019.)
In the new work, an international team of researchers extracted DNA and sequenced the entire genome of 31 ancient Eurasian steppe specimens. Then compared the ancient Scythians and Sarmatians with people from previous and subsequent cultures. Samples were taken from five space-time groups that were clearly distinguishable:
1. Bronze age on the territory of modern Ukraine.
2. Scythians on the territory of modern Ukraine.
3. Scythians and Sarmatians of the southern Urals.
4. Scythians on the territory of modern Kazakhstan.
and 5. Postskripta of the Chernyakhov culture.
But there were also heterogeneous samples that were not included in the group analysis, they are represented by the Sarmatian from the North Caucasus, a representative of the late Rube culture and three Cimmerians from the territory of Ukraine.
The oldest samples were representative of the pit culture, and was dated to 4,800 ? 4,400 years, and the youngest representative of the Chernyakhov culture, age 1400-1700 years. But most specimens were between 2,700 and 2,100 years old.
Content:
1. Entry
2. Specimen description and archaeological background 2:40
2.1 Bronze age on the territory of modern Ukraine 4:12
2.2 iron age Scythian Group on the territory of modern Ukraine 7:17
2.3 Scythians and Sarmatians of the southern Urals 13: 50
2.4 Taskalinsky culture in Central Kazakhstan (group of Scythians in the territory of modern Kazakhstan) 22:09
2.5 Chernyakhov culture 24:54
3. Haplogroup
3.1 mtDNA Haplogroups 29:24
3.2 Haplogroup Y-chromosome 31:06
4. Results 32:27
5. Insights 38:52


In the history of mankind, the spread of languages was often accompanied by migrations, but people could switch to other languages almost without migrations and, accordingly, without genetic changes. And vice versa, to mix without language changes. Thus, conclusions about past contacts of the population, based either on the current distribution of languages, or only on components of genetic origin, can be misleading. Nevertheless, studies of ancient DNA allow us to directly observe changes in the gene pools of populations in time and space, revealing connections between genetic, archaeological and linguistic data.
The Volga-Oka interfluve has an intriguing history of population influx and language change. Currently, most of the inhabitants of the region speak Russian, but before the Middle Ages, the north-west of Russia was inhabited by Ural-speaking peoples. And the gradual transition to Slavic languages began in the second half of the first millennium AD, with the expansion of Slavic tribes, as a result of which the state of Kievan Rus was founded at the end of the IX century AD. Medieval Rus was multicultural and multilingual. But after the baptism of Rus and the spread of Cyrillic writing in the X-XI centuries, the influence and attractiveness of the Slavic Mzyk increased, which led to a shift from the Uralic to Slavic. At the same time, despite the replacement of the language, modern Russians of the north-western regions demonstrate a clear proximity to their Ural-speaking neighbors, which suggests a genetic contribution from these previous populations.

The origin of the Hungarians and the Ural region. History of the Magyars and new genetic data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZGSitzqkKU&feature=youtu.be
Linguistic evidence suggests that the Hungarian language, which belongs to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, originated east of the Urals, somewhere between 1000 and 500 BC. e. Probably after the 6th century AD. e. some of the ancestors of the Hungarians moved from their ancient homeland to the Urals, i.e. in the territory adjacent to the western slope of the Urals. And approximately, in the first third of the 9th century A.D. e., part of this population of the Urals, under pressure from the Khazar Kaganate, crossed the Volga and occupied the Northern Black Sea region, having entered into an alliance with the Khazars. At the same time, the end of the 9th century is characterized by the beginning of the decline of the Khazar world, in which the Pechenegs played a special, but not the only role. Also important was the formation of the Old Russian state with a part of the East Slavic tribes out of the control of the Khazars. The early #Hungarians lived in Eastern Europe (forming the so-called "Subbotzian horizon" even before they invaded Pannonia, already in a more diverse composition.
In the 10th century, the material features of the Carpathian Basin changed rapidly after the conquest, with abundant archaeological evidence of links with Eastern European regions that can be traced back to the Urals.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y49Dqo85qE
The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene and Native Americans
North-Eastern #Siberia or the modern far East of Russia is one of the most remote and extreme habitats colonized by people in the Pleistocene era 40 thousand years ago. Stretching from the Taimyr Peninsula in the West to the Pacific ocean in the East and North of the border between China and Russia to the Arctic ocean, the region is now home to a variety of ethnolinguistic groups. Recent genetic studies of the indigenous peoples of the region have revealed complex patterns of population formation in ancient times, which are said to have occurred mainly over the past 10,000 years. But what of the population lived there before? One of the earliest and most reliable archaeological evidence of human settlement in the Northern region comes from the artefacts-rich Jana site, in the Arctic (about 71 degrees North latitude) on the Yana river, Ust-Yansky ulus of Yakutia, which is dated by two milk teeth in the 31600 years before 1950. Jewelry, bone, Tusk and stone tools resembling technologies of the upper Paleolithic of Eurasia and southern Siberia, but without similarities with other cultures of Siberia were found within the Yansk Parking lot. Even before the last glacial maximum, Dating from about 23-19 thousand years ago, the Yana archaeological culture, described on the Yana river, disappeared from North-Eastern Siberia. Perhaps people have moved to a kind of refugium or areas where they were able to survive the adverse period, and re-settle during the warming. The yansk culture was replaced by a special micro-plate technology, which spread in time to the North and East from the Amur region, but did not reach Chukotka and did not cross the Bering Strait or Beringia until the end of the Pleistocene, much later than the initial settlement of America.


The transition from hunting and gathering to farming and cattle breeding in ancient society took place about 11?10 thousand years ago in South-West Asia. This has led to significant and relatively rapid changes in the way people live and social and economic changes in many parts of the world. This transition occurred independently in different periods from at least a dozen primary centers of domestication in East and West Asia, Africa, New Guinea, and North and South America, where natural conditions allowed. However, the social, cultural, behavioral, and other factors associated with health and lifestyle that accompanied this transition are not well understood. A bioarchaeological study from the Neolithic settlement of ?atalh?y?k in ancient Anatolia or modern Turkey allows us to supplement our understanding of life and problems, the first inhabitants of a large settlement. Namely, what was the dynamics of the population size, what were ill, were there any conflicts and so on.
Life and problems in the Neolithic settlement ?atalh?y?k. Neolithic revolution and its consequences
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK27_q_hevE

  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ENzMAyg4dE
  Cro-Magnons or Early European modern humans
  In a narrow sense, Cro-Magnons are people found in the south-west of France in the Cro-Magnon cave, and in a broad sense, in general, all fossil people of modern anatomy (Homo sapines sapiens). But we will consider the Cro-Magnons as anatomically modern people who inhabited Europe in the Upper Paleolithic, up to about 12 thousand years ago.
At the same time, the Middle and Upper Paleolithic delimit the time in terms of the complexity of technology, which coincides with the replacement of the Neanderthals by a rational man and has no clear boundaries.
Anatomically modern people of Europe are well known for the creation of a variety of artistic works, including cave paintings, Venus figurines, the so-called baton Perc?, for an unknown purpose, as well as animal figurines and geometric patterns.
The European continent was inhabited by people of modern anatomy in several waves, and the remains of their earliest representatives were relatively recently discovered in the Bacho Kiro cave in Bulgaria, they are dated from 45820 to 43650 years, the initial Upper Paleolithic. By the way, the age of the Ust-Ishim man outside Europe also falls within this range. Further, according to dates, there are finds from Peshtera-ku-Oase of Romania, about 39 thousand years old, and Markina Gora or Kostenka 14 of the Voronezh region, which lived 37 thousand years ago.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuLqaXYf2xQ
Cucuteni-Tripoli culture. History of the Northern Black Sea, chalcolithic
Cucuteni-Trypillia culture
This is quite an interesting archaeological culture of Eastern Europe from the Neolithic to the copper-stone age.
Culture flourished on the territory of modern Moldova, North-Eastern Romania, as well as in Western, Central and southern Ukraine, stretching from the Carpathian mountains to Transnistria and Dnieper, covering an area of 350 thousand km2, with a diameter of about 500 km from Kiev in the North-East to Brasov in the South-West, mainly in the forest-steppe zone.
Most of the settlements of kukuten-Tripoli consisted of small settlements of high density, at a distance of 3-4 km from each other, concentrated mainly in the valleys of the Siret, Prut and Dniester rivers. During the middle Tripoli phase (circa 4000-3500 BC), the cultural population built the largest settlements of that period in Europe.
One of the most notable aspects of this culture was the periodic burning of its settlements.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRzF_elfsnM
Genetic history of the population of western Russia during the transition Stone Age to the Bronze
The Corded Ware Cultural Complex was spread over a vast territory, from Tatarstan in the east, to Belgium and the Netherlands in the west, as well as from the southern regions of Finland, Sweden and Norway in the north to Switzerland and Ukraine in the south.
Its eastern version, the Fatyanovo culture, was formed thanks to the reverse movement of people to the northeast, with the invasion of the territory where hunters and fishermen of the Volosov culture already lived. It is clear that there were conflicts, and in the burials of the Moscow region, Volosovo flint arrowheads were found between the bones of the Fatyanovo soldiers. But there were also graves with skulls broken by blunt objects, possibly stone axes. The strongest archaeological ties of the Fatyanovo culture can be traced with the Middle Dnieper, which is widespread on the territory of modern Belarus and Ukraine.
For the Fatyanovo culture, burial customs were characteristic, including flat earthen graves (less often mounds), where the buried were placed, lying on their side in a bent position, with men on the right side and head in a westerly direction, and women on their left side and head in an easterly direction. The Fatyanovites also practiced the burial of animals, mainly dogs and bears. Together with the buried, they placed ceramics and other grave goods, including stone battle and work axes in men's graves.
In general, the Fatyanovites have become an important link between the West and the East, i.e. herders and the latest hunter-gatherers. They introduced animal husbandry and, possibly, slash-and-burn agriculture in the forest belt. And with the subsequent Abashev, Sintashta and Andronov cultures, the Fatyanovo culture became a key component in the development of the broader cultural landscape of Eurasia of the Bronze Age.
#history #science #genetics #archeology #Russia #Ukraine
In the new work, in addition to 28 new radiocarbon dates, genetic data were obtained from representatives of the Corded Ware and Fatyanovo cultures, as well as from hunter-gatherers, who were combined with previously published genomes.
The aim of the study was to find out whether this region was influenced by migrations that were observed in other parts of Europe during the Holocene, as well as where were the people who inhabited the northwestern part of Russia at that time and whether the populations of the Fatyanovo culture were the result of direct migration from the Eastern European steppe or the ancestors of the early European farmers participated in this process, by analogy with more Western groups of the Corded Ware culture. In addition, it was interesting whether there was a confusion between the hunters and fishers of the Volosov culture and the invading Fatyanovites, as suggested by archaeological data.


Corded Ware culture and the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Central Europe. DNA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9zL5kiBmPxM
Previous genetic studies have shown that over the past 10 thousand years, the population of Europe has been renewed twice due to migration. Since the 7th millennium BC. NS. demographic changes were associated with the expansion of Neolithic farmers from Anatolia. These early Neolithic populations were at first genetically very different from earlier European hunter-gatherers, but were almost indistinguishable from Anatolian farmers. However, over time, over several millennia, the share of hunters and gatherers in the gene pool of European farmers has increased.
The second major demographic change, which the release is actually devoted to, occurred at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. NS. and was associated with the steppe ancestry, which was carried, among other things, by representatives of the Corded Ware culture or battle axes. This culture represents a major cultural shift in Central, Northern and Northeastern Europe, bringing about changes in economics, ideology and burial practices.
The representatives of the Corded Ware culture differed from their predecessors in Europe, having ~ 75% of the genealogy, along the entire genome, similar to that of the representatives of the Yamnaya culture from the Black Sea-Caspian steppe. This "steppe" lineage subsequently quickly spread throughout Europe until the end of the third millennium BC. NS.
Despite the importance of the 3rd millennium BC. BC, many temporal and geographic data gaps remain, leading to limited knowledge about processes at the level of societies and communities and how cultural groups interacted with each other and spawned new ones.
Unresolved issues concern the genetic and geographical origins of the Corded Ware, Bell Goblet, and Unetice culture of the Early Bronze Age, as well as their relationship with each other and with the Yamna culture.

Who built Odessa? The Cossacks are not cut. What about Catherine II? About this in my new video. Link in the comment section.
Odessa is a Russian city. Still have to hear this expression. Odessa was founded by Catherine, and built by Russians - so claim Russophiles. But both that and the other is not true, because founded odesu Ukrainian tycoon koc одеba- баkushinsʹkij, and built cossacks-nerubai й.
There are still cries of some Odesitians that Odesa is a Russian city built by Catherine the Second and so on. And on the outskirts of the city there is the largest Cossack cemetery of Ukraine - Kuyalnytskyi or Sotnikivska Sich. Previously, it was the village of Malij Kuyalnyk - it was founded by the Cossacks, who moved, after the destruction of Zaporizhzhia Sichi by the Russians, on the outskirts of the city of Hadzhibey, on the land of the Ottoman Empire. After capturing Hadjibey by the Russians, these Cossacks swore allegiance to the Russian Empire and promised never to take up arms, for which they were called Nerubayi. Instead of chopping the enemies, they received a permission to develop a building stone - tortoise limestone, and later became monopolists in the matter. And not only in kuyalniku, but also in usatovomu, and especially in the village of nerubajske - it is clear who lived in the village. Over time, their mining catacombs grew dozens of kilometers, and even later - hundreds. Now these are the legendary Odessa catacombs - the largest in Europe. The city was built in the nineteenth century from the stone that was mined by nerubai ме. It wasn't new - it was renamed Hadjibey, which Catherine decided to name as the ancient city - Odesa Someone told her that the ancient Odesa stood in Hadjibei's place, although it's a total nonsense, because Odesa was on the Bulgarian coast. And another ancient city - Edesa, stood where the Turkish Shanliurfa is now.
The first builders of Odessa were all the same nerubai все. Later, a lot of emigrants from nearby Ukrainian provinces, as well as colonists invited by the royal government - Greeks, Bulgarians, Albanians... From the Russian provinces few arrived - the Great Russians almost did not participate in the construction of Odessa in the first half of the nineteenth century.
The management of the city was carried out mainly by foreigners and their descendants - Jose de Ribas, Thomas Coble, Arman de Richelier, Louis de Langeron, Paul Cocebu, Gregory Marazli... Of the Russian authorities, only the Vorontsov played a significant role in the construction of the city.
One of the pioneers of the construction of the Odessa port were Pototsk?. And there were still булиahnenki and simirenki - honorary citizens of Odessa, the heads of the city duma. About the level of simirenk?v in Odessa, at least the fact that Plato simirenko married the daughter of the head of the Odessa duma - Tatiana Ovč?nnikova. Did you know that the outstanding breeder lev simirenko is the grandson of the Odessa mayor? But who ever talked about it, if even the role of simirenk?v in the construction of the city and the port are silent and still.
See more in the vide

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-SCKN58R2w
What was after the Scythians and the Huns, before the Turkic khaganate on the territory of Tuva
The period after the Scythians and Xiongnu, before the T?rkic Kaganate, called the "Hunno-Sarmatian", in the historiography of Central Asia, is quite interesting, because the cultures of this era differ from both the previous "Scythian" and the subsequent "Turkic". Chronologically, this period falls between the II century BC and the V century AD and can also be referred to as the "Xiongnu-Xianbian" time. To make it easier to imagine this period and realize its importance in global history, it was around this time that there was an alternation and mixing of people with different Western and Eastern genetic and anthropological profiles. And it is quite possible that there was also a replacement of languages, mainly towards Turkic.
Among several cultural traditions in the vastness of Central Asia, after the Ulug-Khem culture, a transition from the Scythian period, the Kokel culture on the territory of Tuva stands out from the 1st century AD. And this review is exactly devoted to the work published this year, with the results of field research in 2018-2019. the southern periphery of the early Scythian burial mound Tunnug-1, the Tuvan "Valley of the Kings" of the 9th century. BC BC, where much later objects of the Kokel culture of the 2nd-4th centuries were concentrated. n. e., whose representatives reused this place already for their ritual purposes.

Special thanks for the creation of the video to the head of the excavation and one of the authors of the described scientific work - a researcher of the Department of Conservation Archeology of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Timur Rashitovich Sadykov.

And also I would like to thank for the help in the photo and video material:
Anna Klochko is a member of the International Archaeological and Geographical Expedition of the Russian Geographical Society for the exploration of the Tunnug barrow in the Tyva Republic.

THE BELIEFS OF THE ANCIENT ERIFIANS
In our lecture today, we will discuss the beliefs of the peoples of ancient Erefia at the beginning of the third millennium AD.
These beliefs were syncretic. The experiences of Christianity, which previously inseparable dominated this territory, with elements traditional for some peripheral Erefian tribes of Islam, Buddhism and shamanism, were in a peculiar way connected with elements of the Soviet Communist religion, While the key communist myth was completely forgotten - the myth of the creation of peace by Lenin during the October Revolution and the victory of the good "kr" as a donkey" gods and divine ancestors over hostile "white" gods and demons in the great Civil War. A similar myth about the so-called Great Patriotic War and its victory, in which Lenin was replaced by Stalin, and hostile demons took the form of historical German Nazis. This eschatological battle, in which some real events of the Second World War are seen, became the central myth of Erefian mythology, endlessly reproduced in various holidays and rituals, main of which was the great celebration of Victory Day May 9, or, for short, the holiday of "Victory". On the Victory Day, the ancient Erefians put on ritual black and orange ribbons and proclaimed spells in honor of divine ancestors: "grandfathers fought! We remember, we are proud! We can do it again! "
The whole mythology of the ancient Eriters was built around the cult of victory, war and death. In this era, the belief in the afterlife of the dead souls and heaven was revived, but it was believed that only the Erefians who died in the war for the divine king Putin would go to heaven, yet the rest, including the Erefians, who died, for example, from alcohol abuse, will disappear without a trace. Belief in hell is not fixed, although the film "The Best in Hell", dedicated to the feats of Erefian Wagnerov warriors in Ukraine, as if attests that the Erefians identified with hell the war, which at the same time was a norm for them - that is, hell was a norm, for them, they considered themselves as inhabitants of hell. This is an interesting hypothesis, however, requires further research.
An even more important role was played for the Erephians, the cult of the Empire and the head of its Divine Emperor, who thought of himself as a central deity, creator of order out of chaos, provider of benefits and protector of the forces of darkness (identified with the West - the country of the sunset, the country of the dead, which thought populated by demons, constantly surrendering to homosexual comforts).
The name of the Divine Emperor of Erefia was Vladimir Putin, otherwise Vova Putin. His name, as it is not difficult to notice, is related to the abbreviation of the Great Patriotic War, that is, meaning "The Way of the WWII", so he thought as a creature leading the erephites by divine ancestors. According to some information, there was also some sect of snipers who did not believe in Putin's divine nature and were waiting for the arrival of the true Emperor, who would mobilize all the erephians for the last decisive battle with the Western forces and would gain the final victory - but too little is known about their beliefs.
The most interesting data on the religion of the Erefians were obtained by archaeologists during the excavations of the city of Tula. There, in the ruins of the Regional Children's Library, a fresco was found, clearly showing the hierarchy of deities in Etherefian religion.
Vova Putin, depicted in armor on a solar chariot, reigns over all - thus he acts simultaneously as a heavenly king, as a solar deity, and as a warrior deity. Below him, as second-order deities, are depicted the traditional Virgin Mary with the infant Christ, and an old man in Byzantine clothes, identified as Saint Vladimir of Kiev, revered as the ancient forerunner of Vladimir Putin. Interestingly, that Vladimir Kievsky is depicted on the right hand of King Putin, and the Virgin Mary and the Infant Christ only on the left - you cannot find a brighter evidence of the degradation of the cult of Christ King, who once ruled indivisible among the inhabitants of Erefia,
Below is Nikolai the Second, the last emperor of the former Russian Empire in this territory. Researchers are surprised at the veneration of this loser ruler in conjunction with the cult of luck, victory, and the worship of his killers Lenin and Stalin, but one should always remember that archaic mythological consciousness is nonlinear and alien to what we consider to be self-evident laws of logic.
Below is pictured Dmitry Medvedev, who read himself as the younger brother of Vova Putin and according to some data his heavenly lover. However, he did not play a special role in mythology, he seems to have been an eternally drunken trickster god.
And finally, below all, with a blessing gesture, is depicted the High Priest Erefiya Gundyaev, who bore the complex title of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill, or simply Patriarch Kirill. Patriarch Kirill thinks as a connecting link between the world of men and the world of gods.
This is where we will end the review lecture for today. Next time, we will talk in detail about the cults and rituals related to the veneration of the WWII, the Great Victory and the souls of the divine hero ancestors known as the Voyevals Grandfathers.

Russia?s fabricated reasons for threatening war with Ukraine

The Moscow Times, ?The Kremlin?s War Propaganda? by former Duma member Vladimir Ryzhkov, how Putin lied about every single pretext for his illegal annexation of Crimea and launching of his war of aggression in eastern Ukraine: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/03/24/the-kremlins-war-propaganda-a33284

Putin. War. by Boris Nemtsov (murdered by Putin). The evidence of Russia?s aggression against Ukraine. https://www.libertas-institut.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/EUFAJ-Special-NemtsovReport-150521.pdf

Thx for your links TOP! on Boris Nemtsov I have the next youtube and the original pdf

https://www.4freerussia.org/putin.war/Putin.War-Eng.pdf?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=6&v=vfFhnqw0sE8&feature=emb_logo

https://www.reddit.com/r/russiawarinukraine/search?q=nemtsov&restrict_sr=on&include_over_18=on&sort=relevance&t=all

Russian FSB colonel admits Crimean MPs forced to vote for referendum https://empr.media/opinion/interviews/russian-fsb-colonel-admits-crimean-mps-forced-to-vote-for-referendum/

Putin's 'Human Rights Council' Accidentally Posts Real Crimean Election Results https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2014/05/05/putins-human-rights-council-accidentally-posts-real-crimean-election-results-only-15-voted-for-annexation/amp/

Russia's Igor Strelkov: I Am Responsible for War in Eastern Ukraine https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/11/21/russias-igor-strelkov-i-am-responsible-for-war-in-eastern-ukraine-a41598

The Budapest Memorandum and the Russia-Ukraine Crisis. How in 1994 Russia committed to defending Ukraine?s sovereignty and territorial integrity in return for Ukraine?s agreement to give up its nuclear arsenal. http://warontherocks.com/2015/06/the-budapest-memorandum-and-the-russia-ukraine-crisis/

Remind Putin of his prior declarations that every sovereign nation has the right to choose its own security arrangements https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/letters-to-the-editor/remind-putin-of-his-prior-declarations/2021/12/12/f2d58cae-586f-11ec-8396-5552bef55c3c_story.html

In spite of a good deal of talk, NATO never did promise not to expand eastward and tie the hands of FSU nations that might want to join https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/09/us/politics/russia-ukraine-james-baker.amp.html?referringSource=articleShare

Smoking gun: How Putin was responsible for the murder of 289 innocent passengers on board MH17: https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2014/07/18/smoking-guns-russian-separatists-shot-down-malaysian-plane/amp/

 
  13092015
  LITHUANIA ? A COUNTRY YOU MAY THINK
YOU KNOW ? BUT DO YOU REALLY? 🙂 🙂 🙂
* Text/research: Aage Myhre
* Map: Grand Duchy of Lithuania around 1400
1. A WORLD SUPER POWER, EUROPE'S LARGEST COUNTRY
Did you know that Lithuania was a world super power ? much longer than USA has been a super power ? and Europe's largest country for more than 300 years (1300-1600), stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea? http://vilnews.com/2012-02-a-world-superpower-for-300-years
2. WAS A HAVEN OF TOLERANCE
Grand Duke Gediminas (1275-1341) ? founder of Vilnius and the first Grand Duke of the family of Lithuanian rulers during 300 years? made Lithuania a 'haven of tolerance' according to British historian Norman Davies. http://vilnews.com/2012-04-lithuania-has-a-700-year-history?3. STOPPED THE MONGOLS FROM INVADING EUROPE
Lithuania (the Grand Duchy) was the country stopping the Golden Hordes (the Mongols) from invading Europe (late 1300s). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Waters
4. LAST EUROPEAN COUNTRY TO BE CHRISTIANISED
Lithuania was the last European country to be Christianised (around 1400), and Paganism is still going strong here. Even Christian crosses sometimes contain pagan elements (sun, flowers, grass snakes). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization_of_Lithuania
5. TURKIC PEOPLE LIVING HERE FOR MORE THAN 600 YEARS
Karaims ? the Turkic-Crimean people who guarded the Grand Dukes ? came to Lithuania in 1397 ? and the Trakai town (at the castle above) near Vilnius is now their world capital.http://vilnews.com/2011-01-karaims-and-tatars-turkish-natio?
6. NAPOLEON NAMED VILNIUS AS THE 'JERSUALEM OF THE NORTH'
Napoleon Bonaparte named Vilnius Jerusalem of the North when he arrived here in 1812. Lithuanian Jews (the Litvaks) had an extraordinary life here for 600 years. http://vilnews.com/2012-04-the-litvaks
7. THE WORLD'S MOST ITALIAN CITY OUTSIDE ITALY
Vilnius is the world's most Italian city outside Italy... Lithuania and Italy share a very unique common history. http://vilnews.com/2011-01-the-amazing-italian-influence-on?
8. LANGUAGE OLDER THAN SANSKRIT
The languages Old Sanskrit and Lithuanian are having the same Indo-European roots. Incredible similarities between Indian and Lithuanian cultures since the early civilisations. http://vilnews.com/2011-04-incredible-indian-lithuanian-rel?
9. NATIONAL REBIRTH 1920-1940
Lithuania declared independence in 1918, after 123 years of mostly Russian occupation. The interwar years were very successful and the country prospered immensely. Kaunas was the capital for the period 1919-1940, after Poland occupied Vilnius and southern Lithuania.
http://vilnews.com/2011-03-the-man-who-declined-to-become-p?
10. 300.000 INNOCENT PEOPLE WERE DEPORTED TO SIBERIA
During 1940?1953, some 132.000 Lithuanians were deported to remote areas of the USSR. More than 70% were women and children. 30.000 died there due to climate, hard slave work and starvation. 50.000 were not able to return to Lithuania. During the same period, another 200.000 people were prisoned and 150.000 of them were sent to Siberian Gulags.
http://vilnews.com/2010-12-1941-1953-300-000-lithuanians-we?11. HOLOCAUST KILLED 95% OF ALL JEWS IN LITHUANIA
The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuania's Jewish population. Out of more than 200.000, around 95% were murdered during WWII, the most tragic, worst example of Holocaust in the whole world. http://vilnews.com/2011-01-holocaust-in-lithuania
12. MODERN EUROPE'S LONGEST, BLOODIEST PARTISAN WAR
22.000 Lithuanian 'forest brothers' and 70.000 Soviet soldiers were killed in modern Europe's longest and bloodiest guerrilla war, after the Balts withdrew into the woods to organize their powerful armed partisan resistance when the Soviet Union re-occupied the Baltic States in 1944.
http://vilnews.com/2012-12-5391
13. LITHUANIA WAS SOVIET'S SILICON VALLEY
Post-war Lithuania became known as the Soviet Silicon Valley, and also today this country enjoys a very strong research and development sector. Lithuanian world-class specialists cooperate with NASA, NATO, Volvo, Saab, Philips, and many others in the fields of biotechnology, biochemistry, laser optics, chemistry, physics, etc. http://vilnews.com/2011-01-laser-research-and-industry-make?
14. THE SINGING REVOLUTION THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
The Singing Revolution ? that between 1987 and 1991 led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, culminating with the Soviet attack in January 1991 and the Union's fall later same year. In august 1989, two million people joined hands to form a human chain spanning over 600 km (370 mi) across the three Baltic States. http://vilnews.com/2011-03-the-significance-of-11-march-1990
15. 50% OF ALL LITHUANIAN NOW LIVE IN OTHER COUNTRIES
Former President Valdas Adamkus was one among the tens of thousands fleeing Lithuania at the end of WWII. Chicago is counted as Lithuania's 2nd largest city, and it is estimated that around one million Lithuanians live in the U.S. A new wave of emigration started in 1991, and one expects that half of all Lithuanians now live outside their home land. http://vilnews.com/lithuania-in-the-world
16. LITHUAN JEWS 'RULE THE WORLD' OF TODAY smile emoticon
During the 19th and 20th century, hordes of Lithuanian Jews emigrated to the U.S. and South Africa (90% of its 100.000 Jewish population are from Lithuania). Litvaks are today playing leading roles worldwide. http://vilnews.com/litvak-forum
17. VILNIUS CATCHES AND CAHNGES YOUR SOUL
Paris has its Eiffel Tower. London its bridges. Rome has the Colosseum. Washington has the White House, and Berlin its Brandenburg Gate... Vilnius has its wonderful, mysterious Old Town with narrow, winding streets, courtyards, cellars, smells, music of all kinds, and the very atmosphere of 700 years development of a Mediterranean-like city far away from mainstream Europe... http://vilnews.com/2012-02-1549